Virtual Reality Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Virtual Reality Technology - Essay Example This discussion highlights that  virtual reality has been on the public limelight for the last 20 years, the technology has been present for a much longer period. It is believed that virtual reality first existed as early as mid-1800. By that time, the technology was in its most crude form and only occurred as panoramic murals.According to the report findings Furness III made a milestone development when he made further advancements to the already available virtual reality technology. He was able to make a flight simulator for American Air Force. His technology provided a solution, albeit partly, to the problem of overwhelming control systems in the pilot cockpit. Comeau and Bryan working at Philco Corporation made another milestone development by creating a head mouted display, which had a magnetic tracking system to guide the head. It is however worth noting that the first head mounted virtual reality gadget was made by Sutherland by the end of 1960s. Interestingly, this gadget w as so heavy and large that it had to be mounted on the roof while in use. Sutherland is credited with his efforts and contribution to the world of virtual reality and the fact that he was the first person to come up with an augmented reality head-mounted machine. Whereas many scientists were concentrating on the practical aspect, other scientists such as Roberts contributed to the evolution by writing algorithms for making images clearer and more realistic. McGreevy Michael came up with yet more advancements by coming up with the first Virtual Visual Environment Display system. At this stage, the use of computers in virtual reality machines was more prevalent. Lippman Andy made other remarkable fetes in the evolution of virtual reality in 1978 by integrating the processing power of computers in computing the relationship between the user’s image and the virtual graphic objects. Digitization then made it possible to create silhouettes. Fakespace built a telepresence camera, wh ich had advanced 3D with high-resolution imagery. In 1990s, other contributors such as Larry and Andy Wachowski, Silicon graphics and King Stephen made further developments (Burdea & Coiffet, 2003). At present, virtual reality has become autonomy for the modern society. There is a remarkable acceptance for virtual reality as a component or aspect of modern lifestyle. Virtual reality

Construction Industry, Climate Change and use of Renewable Energy Essay

Construction Industry, Climate Change and use of Renewable Energy Options - Essay Example Since origination, humans have been involved in various activities, utilizing the physical as well as the mental part. The activities only transformed our globe from a primitive one to developed one. But, one can see that these activities not only resulted in development but have also have caused destructions to our earth. That is, in his/her quest to achieve advancement, humans have invented or inventing many tools and are also developing rapidly in particular fields. But, unfortunately, the same tools and the developing fields are damaging human lives and the earth’s environment, which sustain the lives. One of the ‘developing fields’, which contributes to damages is the construction field or industry. The fact is, â€Å"the construction industry are generating close to one-third of all the waste in Britain while 20% of new building materials on the average building site are simply thrown away at the end of the job† (Seager 2007). Also, the important part s of the construction industry, lighting and heating of buildings have to lead to the generation of 50% of Britains carbon dioxide emissions. Most of the firms of the construction industry are following the plan, â€Å"three zeros - zero carbon, zero water and zero waste," with the changes made by the industry itself, as government legislation would take too long (Seager 2007).The use of eco-damaging products and faulty coordination by the construction industry is bringing in host of problems to the people mainly in the form of global warming. â€Å"The Stern Report, by Sir Nicholas Stern, the World Bank’s former chief economist, says the lack of coordination between elements of the industry creates poor quality, energy-inefficient buildings†¦ With no action, each tonne of carbon dioxide we emit will cause at least  £45 of damage† (Miller).  

Honda Motor Company Limited Commerce Essay

Honda Motor Company Limited Commerce Essay Sun Zis Art of War is the most famous work on military operations in ancient China. Being the oldest military treatise in the world, it is one of the greatest cultural legacies of the Chinese nation. Sun Zis Art of War is a classic on military operations and the most influential in the world today. In this well-known book, Sun Wu puts forward many important principles in military operations. He says, Winning a victory and subduing the enemy without fighting is the highest excellence. War is not for slaughter; if you win without fighting, the way you can do so is the greatest military strategy, Sun Wu in his book stresses, To attack where the enemy is unprepared and hit when it is unexpected is another wise observation. Military operations should aim at speedy victory and not prolonged campaigns. Know both the enemy and yourself; you will fight a hundred battles without danger of defeat. All these principles are, unquestionably, significant even in military strategies in the world today. The thirteen military essays in The Art of War form a systematic military work. Each essay discusses one problem, but thirteen essays constitute an organic whole, which can never be taken separately. The Art of War actually discusses how to win, which is not limited to military operations. Its significance has been enlarged to many fields, such as commercial affairs, management, athletic competitions, etc. Everyone who reads it carefully may acquire the key to victory (Wee, 2003). Honda Motor Company Limited established by Soichiro Honda who was a legendary man in the Japanese motor industry. He was a dreamer, he dreamed of a better way of making piston rings, founded a small company, and began production. He dreamed of giving people everywhere an economical form of transportation, and began producing small motorcycles, including one built in 1949 called the D-Type Dream (Honda Motor Comapny Ltd, 2012). Honda Motor Company is by far the worlds biggest motorcycle maker. Hondas first motorcycle was born out of necessity in immediate post World War II Japan, where public transportation was desperately overcrowded and gasoline severely restricted. Soichiro Honda started Honda Motor Company in 1948, at the age of 41. Soon after he hooked up with financial whiz Takeo Fujisawa and together they built an empire. Two owners of the company had different priorities. For Fujisawa, the engine innovation meant increased sales and easier access to financing. For Honda, the higher horsepower engine opened the possibility of more successfully pursuing his motorcycle racing ambitions. Indeed, winning provided the ultimate confirmation of his design abilities. Success came quickly, and by the end of the 1950s Honda had won all of the most prestigious motorcycle racing prizes in the world. In 1958 the Honda 50cc Super Cub was introduced. It featured an automatic clutch, three-speed transmission, automatic starter, and the safe, friendly look of a bicycle. Its inexpensive price was due almost entirely to its high-horsepower, yet lightweight 50cc engine. The success of the Super Cub in Japan prompted Honda to consider expanding its target market to other geographic regions. The company had already experimented with local Southeast Asian markets in 1957 and 1958, however, with little success. The European market, while larger, was heavily dominated by its own name brand manufacturers, and their popular mopeds dominated the low price, low horsepower market. Thus, Fujisawa decided to focus Hondas attention on the U.S. market. In 1962 this breakthrough advertising You meet the nicest people on a Honda shattered the myth that motorcycles were only for tough guys and rebels. It reached out and made Honda and motorcycling in general, appealing to everyone. in 1967 it diversified and also began to produce cars and trucks. In addition, the company started to manufacture portable generators, power tillers, lawn mowers, pumps, and outboard motors. In 1967 and 1968 the company introduced two lightweight passenger cars which performed poorly in both the Japanese and U.S. markets. It was not until 1973 and the introduction of the Honda Civic that the company became a real presence on the international automobile market (Honda Motor Company Limited History, 2012). Three years later, in 1976, as sales of the Honda Civic surpassed the one million mark, the company introduced an upscale, higher priced model named the Accord. Sales of the Accord grew rapidly, not only in Japan, but especially in the United States. In 1982, as a result of the burgeoning U.S. market for Japanese carsIn 1986, Honda introduced the Acura, which immediately garnered large sales throughout Japan and the United States. By the end of the 1980s, Honda had developed into one of the leading car manufacturers in the world. After Soichiro Honda died in 1991, the company initiated a comprehensive reorganization, led by Nobuhiko Kawamoto, the companys president and chief executive officer. in 1992 Honda organized the first ever joint venture to make motorcycles in China. Many industry analysts predicted that the agreement would give Honda an initial foothold in what could become the worlds largest and most motorcycle market lucrative. In order to compete in the tough automobile industry environment, Honda focused much of its attention on research and development. In 1994 and 1996, Hondas experiments with alternative power sources for automobiles and a U.S.-made large-size custom motorcycle led the company to win the worlds largest Solar Car racethe World Solar Challengewith its Honda Dream. In 1997 alone, new production lines of different Honda products were started in India, Vietnam, Turkey, Indonesia, and Brazil. In 1998 Honda once again signed a joint venture agreement in Chinathis time to produce and sell cars. Honda was doing quite well but still had weaknesses to surmount. It had come to be known as one of the most efficient car companies in the world. Its strengths were in its research and development know-how, its high level of technological advances, and its global reachHonda was selling markedly more units abroad than in its own country. Civic and Accord model are the most successful product in Honda company 2. Content Sun Zi Art of War is a short book which contains about only 6200 words written in classical Chinese and has 13 chapters. All the principles and concepts of Sun Zi Art of War can be apply into warfare and modern business strategies today. In this assignment, topics that we selected are chapter 3 Strategic Attack, chapter 4 Disposition of the Army, chapter 5 Forces and chapter 8 Variations and adaptability. Chapter 1: Planning Sun Zi Art of War stated that on every war must have studied and examined thoroughly as it is a matter of life and death. In order to do so, there are five factors in planning which contains moral influence, the weather, terrain, generalship, and doctrine and law. These factors enable Maxis Communication Berhad to compare against their competitors such as DiGi, Celcom, U-mobile as in to understand the changing condition and circumstances and assess the victory in the sales over them. There are 7 important consideration should held in the planning process of Maxis in order to enable them to have competitive advantages their competitors. As in planning, there are 12 guidance of strategic planning that could have been held by Maxis over gaining competitive advantages or gain more profit on their product over other telecommunication provider. Sunzi emphasis on the importance of detailed planning in order for Maxis to gain victory over other in the term of sales and goodwill of the teleco mmunication industry. Chapter 3 Strategic Attack In this chapter, Sun Zi said: capturing a whole division intact is a better strategy; destroying it is a weaker option. capturing a whole battalion intact is a better strategy; destroying it is a weaker option. capturing an entire company intact is a better strategy; destroying it is a weaker option. capturing an entire section intact is a better strategy; destroying it is a weaker option. For business application, an organization has to adapt their culture when they enter into new market or invented a new product. Then, organization has to analyse their consumers need and it will be easier to succeed because the products invented are adapt to the customers culture, environments and needs. Besides, organization can save a lot of costs, they doesnt waste more capital in advertising on promotion. However, they have to make sure that the origin elements are maintained. For example, KFC has just introduced a new Flaming Crunch chicken which suited Malaysian taste. This flaming crunch chicken is coated with crunchy cornflakes and some spicy powder. As we all know most of the Malaysians like spicy food such as nasi lemak or curry. Thus, this new flaming crunch chicken meets the needs of Malaysian who like spicy food. Chapter 4 Disposition of the Army This chapter stated that those who were skilful in warfare ensued that they would not be defeated and then waited for opportunities to defeat the enemy. The ability to prevent defeat depends on oneself, while the opportunity for victory depends on the enemy. When the opportunity arrived, all advantages factors are well prepared like financial and material support, just a button, organization can make extremely profit and easier to penetrate the market. Ball is in your hand, can fun play. For example, Apple Inc has become the market leader, control all factors like pricing, products, promotion, policy and place even if Apple Inc was not the first mover for multimedia downloader. It said one does not make mistakes because he adopts measures, policies and strategies that are certain to lead to victory. He wins because he chooses to engage an enemy that is already in a position of defeat. People who are the most successful are who will predict the future, create the market and to realize the prediction. For example, the diamond multimedia is the first mover for multimedia downloader but the timing is not matured, they never predict their future properly and do not have good policies or strategies to create the market. Few years later, Apple Inc produces the same technology products such as iPod. It is more famous as compared to diamond multimedia. It shows that Apple Inc create the trend which bring the organization growth and maximize the organisation profit. However, follow the trend will only give opportunity to the organization but not profit. Chapter 5 Forces Chapter 5 stated that the fact that the whole army can withstand the attacks of the enemy without suffering any defeats is due to the use of the direct and indirect strategies, forces and approaches. When forces are concentrated to attack the enemy, it must be like solid stones hurled against eggs. This is applying the principle of using strengths to strike weaknesses. For business application, organizations have to be creative and innovative so that they can compete with their competitors. They have to change process happen, change their form, culture, structure or product base when it is needed for them to do so. You must breaks the eggs on beach and create a new life in the sea. For example, Starbucks coffee leads the industry with it continuous menu innovation and a wider choice of drinks than any other brand. Recently, everyone is crazy for Chatime, Ochado or Gong Cha which all of them are Taiwanese pearl milk tea. You can see people queue up even if the queue is very long, stil l people wait for it just for that cup of pearl milk tea. To change, we can see Starbucks coffee introducing the Green Tea with Red Bean Frappuccino and Hojicha with Tea Jelly Frappuccino to follow the trend. Thus, this indirect forces used by Starbucks coffee are tactics to surprise their competitors and consumers. Moreover, this can help to solve their problem and pull back their customers. In this chapter, it also stated that entice the enemy by giving away something that he would certainly want to have. Lure the enemy to move with benefits that he desires and then use concealed troops to await and ambush them. For business application, when the enemy is greedy for small advantages, offer baits to lure him. As we all know greedy is one of the human natural instincts. For example, AEON members day has a lots of things are discount up to 70%. Thus, consumer will be greedy for the small advantages, just to get the discount they have actually spent on things that they dont really need. Therefore, the consequence is they have spent more for that particular month or over budget. Chapter 8 Variations and adaptability This chapter is about the importance of being adapting to changing, importance of careful deliberations and preparedness. The world is constantly changing, we need to adapt to this change quickly. The quicker you let go the past, the sooner you can enjoy you happiness. This means that the faster you adapt to change and follow the trend, the faster you can enjoy earning your profit. There are few examples that we can see in our daily life. First, there is a new concept of Kopitiam has been experienced rapid growth over the past few years. These new concept of Kopitiam included Old Town White Coffee, Pak Hailam Kopitiam, Georgetown White Coffee and many more. Just for a short period of time, Old Town White Coffee has over 130 outlets in Malaysia. Soon or later we will hardly find those old style kopitiam. Another example is the sundry shops, as we can see grocery shops have been replaced by all those convenient stores like 7-eleven, 99speedmart; supermarkets and hypermarkets like Aeon, Tesco, Carrefour or Econsave. All these convenient stores or hypermarkets offer wider range of products and cheaper price. For example, we can buy everything we need in Aeon, we can buy clothes, electronic products, vegetables or other daily consumer products at one go. We need not to travel here and there to get what we want. In addition, we can see the advance of the technologies nowadays. Everyone is using Smartphone or smart TV. Samsung has come out their brand new smart phone Galaxy S3, they keep on innovate their products to fulfilled the consumer needs and wants. Furthermore, it leads Samsung to be the leader of the markets. At the same time, this new technologies bring an opportunity to the telecommunication companies to come out with data plan to boost their profits up. To be winner of the market, these telecommunication companies have to review their plans frequently to stay competitive in the market. Lastly, proactiveness is the key to strategic advantage. Nowadays, people like convenience and easy job. Therefore, the new concept of wall paper has been invented by Korea and Taiwan to replace paint. We can customize our own wall paper; you can have your own favourite colour, taste or picture. With this invention, we can save our time, cost and energy; no more pain. Chapter 10: Terrain In this chapter, Sun Zis explain the grounds during the war. Type of grounds are communication ground, entrapping ground, indifferent group, constricted ground, key ground and distant ground. Every ground has its own function during the war. In business application, Maxis Sdn Bhd encounters obstacles in competing against their competitors. It is said that the top management is responsible for the lower management performance. Therefore, the top management holds a great responsibility in Maxis, like a general does. Senior director is responsible to organize an effective strategy to gain victory in the business war. The strategy will be exercise by the middle management to order the lower management in implementing the strategy in Maxis business process. Chapter 13: Intelligence and espionage In Chapter 13, we discuss about intelligence and espionage. According to Sun Zi, there are five types of spies and secret agents. They are living agents, local agents, inside agents, double agents and doomed agents. We discuss about the ability of the agent to gather and effectively use information on the enemy on the enemy. Thus, Maxis Berhad may send its employees to do research on competitors by obtaining information through reliable sources. For example, annual reports, stock warrants, news feed and press conference. This may help Maxis Berhad to gain informative and useful information to analyze its strengths and weaknesses of itself in order to gain competitive advantage over the competitors. Q3. DISCUSSION Chapter 3 Strategic Attacks Sun Zi said: In general, when waging war, capturing a whole nation intact is a better strategy; to shatter and ruin it is a weaker option. Honda motor has to come out with different strategy and method in facing different challenges among competitors in order to compete in car and motorcycle industry. In 2001, American Hondas associate learning and organizational development group that undertook a broad assessment of its approach to training, looking at what was offered, why, to whom and how. One focus of this initiative was to deepen the emphasis on quality, which has long permeated Hondas manufacturing operations, within the internal support and service portions of the organization. The challenge laid out for the development group was to improve and extend the delivery of training for employees, reduce their time away from the job for training, take advantage of expanding technology capabilities and infrastructure and, above all, ensure a tangible transfer of skills that would take internal service quality to an entirely new level. Honda motor also tends to improve their service quality by using a learning management system (LMS) to schedule, administer and track training. The system was applied not only to instructor led offerings but also to pure online training, blended learning and other offerings. Using a customized LMS, Honda employees and their managers learned to define and manage individual training plans as well as enrol in, complete and track their progress courses and curricula through a learner specific Web portal. With LMS, Honda motor able to provide a better service to its customers and win a good reputation among its competitors. Chapter 4 Disposition of the Army Sun Zi said: In ancient times, those who were skilful in warfare ensured that they would not be defeated and then waited for opportunities to defeat the enemy. A good organization must always have a good advance mission and management control to enhance their company strength. Management must always have a well prepare for the organization future development and scoring in the good opportunity arrives thus, organization can make profit on it. Example: Honda Motors company developing abilities and human resource department in their organization which is to provide training to the employees to equip them with necessary skills. Hondas approach to personnel education is based on on-the-job training: building specialized skills and professional capabilities through direct experience. Honda has established on-the-job training programs for each job description, setting qualitative and quantitative targets for the knowledge and skills to be acquired. These programs provide with an opportunity for associates to acquire specialized skills and managerial capabilities while helping supervisors assess and foster the aptitude of the associates they manage. To supplement these on-the-job training programs, Honda also offers off-the-job training designed to provide associates an opportunity to enhance their careers by developing new specialized skills or management capabilities. To support associates who wish to take the initiative to le arn new skills, acquire knowledge, and cultivate themselves in order to fully realize their own potential, Honda offers opportunities for language learning, distance education, and inter-industry exchanges. With this training Honda can enhance their strength of company. Besides that, Sun zi also said that: The ability to prevent defeat depends on oneself, while the opportunity for victory depends on the enemy. The organization must always have a better control on their product pricing, police and place. Furthermore organizations leader also need set a good strategy and market research to take the advantage on the competitors weakness and negligence. Example: In car industry, Honda and Toyota is one of the large competitors of both. Honda and Toyota always have the price differentiate on their product. In 2002 Honda was produce a new model of car which is Honda Civic Dx sedan, the suggested retail price is $13,800 but in the same times Toyota Corolla CE sedan also goes for the market about $13,900. If a buyer they will looking for the product quality and these both cars would have almost same specification, besides that consumer also will compare this two car price. Now the Honda Civic is cheaper than Toyota Corolla. Thus, most of the consumer will make a decision on buying the Honda car. In the case Honda Company was make a good pricing control on their product, Honda was able take a good opportunity to making profit. Chapter 5 Forces According to the study of Sunzi Art of War in chapter 5, which discuss about forces that can be implementing by organizations to face its problem and challenges? Sun Zi said: To manage a large force is similar to managing a small force. So, it is a matter of organization and structure. So, the formations, communications and signals among whole Honda organizations around the world are important to face with challenges. Honda operates in the worldwide market with 134 production facilities in 28 countries and at 31 Research and Development facilities in 15 countries, about 167000 Honda employees and associates serve 23 million customers worldwide annually. So, it is not easy to manage such a large organization. In order to have a better management, Hondas global operations are divided into 6 administrative regions responsible for operating which are Japan, China, North American, Latin  American, Europe and the Middle Near East and  Africa, Asian and Oceania, while hiring and engagi ng the people and philanthropic initiatives locally in the communities that Honda operates. Honda is pushing the independence of their local management and sales operations, at the same time with integrating and forward-looking plan for each region. They operate under the conduct guidelines that help member companies and associates in evaluating and managing risks, complying with laws and regulations, keeping a high level of transparency in operational level, thats all to maximize the worldwide customer satisfaction. In the global business, many top managers still centralize their authority; make most of decisions of  the company. In contrast, Honda follows a different way; most of decisions are made by a group of  responsible persons, including Board of Director, outside directors, outside auditors. Honda decentralizes authority to their associates to maximize the flexibility and diversity in decision making process, and well adapt to the changes of global  market. Making group decision of responsible persons in Honda is extremely effective. The theoretical advantage of this strategy is improving innovation and reducing risk, biased thinking. In fact, this strategic leadership style leads Honda to today success. For instance, the organization of Board of Directors or Board of Auditors includes not only inside companys employees but also external appointees. This feature helps Honda to make the distinction  in global performing and competing. Outside company appointees play the role as su pervising the execution of each board. As the result, the performance of each board becomes effective and efficient rather than organization with entirely inside company employees. By this strategy organizing, the company can ensure that working environment will be fair and strong without dubious cooperation. Honda manages its employees through promoting programs, principles and policies in supporting its organizational human resources. So, when peoples needs are satisfied, they are well motivated, resulting in being eager to contribute more to organization. Honda satisfies not only low  needs (physics, safety, belongings) but also high needs of employees  (esteem and self actualization).  Therefore, Honda is  more effective than a  lot of other companies in motivating people, resulting in efficient,  effective performance of employees and firm as well. Chapter 8 Variations and adaptability Base on chapter 8, it is discussing about the variations and adaptability of a company. This concept is very important because variations and adaptability are the most valuable characteristic of a company. A company that focus on variations will continue to move forward, looking to the future, and know how to shift to fixed current situation successfully. With this characteristic, a company will able to improve their product and services, seeking new opportunities and bringing new things into the market that consumer really need. For example, the Japanese earthquake and tsunami that happen in the year 2011 has forced Honda to halve car production at its  British factory because of a shortage of parts from its homeland. Honda began to implement a strategy of temporary adjustments that reduce daily production levels at its U.S. and Canadian auto plants on March 30 2011 as a result of interruptions in parts supplies from Japan in the aftermath of the earthquake and tsunami. By taking this action, Honda of the UK Manufacturing (HUM) will be able to continue production by utilising HUMs flexible working policy. Pay is maintained for all associates. Once full production is resumed, the reduced volume production will be quickly recovered using the banked hours. Ken Keir, executive vice president of Honda Motor Europe, said: Weve taken the decision to reduce our production volumes at HUM as it enables us to continue with our manufacturing activities, thus minimising the impact on Honda customers, dealers and associ ates. As parts supply stabilises and full production resumes, Honda will quickly develop a production schedule to meet the needs of Hondas European customers, said todays statement. The other example are as Honda motor decision making is decentralized, this will facilitates rapid response to change in two or more environments. For instance, when some changes occur in American market, the local company freely makes decision in order to immediately adapt to the market. Instead of waiting the decision from Parents Company, it has authority to themselves decides, resulting in saving time, cost and reducing risk. Hence, Hondas associates more efficiently and effectively in exchange information  together. The third example is Honda introduced  Air Blade Scooter with functions like sport and fashion model which are more fuel-efficient engine technology in Vietnam on April 2007 to attract the youth in Vietnam because Honda Vietnam has recognise that younger people in Vietnams prefer nice and expensive scooter and fashion accessory. So, Honda Vietnams has come out with idea in producing Air Blade Scooter to fulfil the local demand and it has successfully sold 950000 units after introduce Air Blake Scooter. 4.) Recommendations Sun Zi said: If you can analyze your weaknesses or disadvantage, you can always use your strength to cover it and win in the business games. Analysis is very important to a company. A company will know their strength and weaknesses and opportunities about the new market. So, Honda motor should have the analysis and planning before they introduce a new product to the market. By do the survey and research, Honda can know the needs of the market and can improve the quality of product to make sure the product is fit with the needs of market. This will make the product more successful. As mentioned by Sun Zi, in strategic management, product must be differentiated from other similar products, or you will be spurned. Honda motor should introduce a new product that differentiated with other competitor such as Toyota and Nissan. Honda tends to come out with several ways in improving their weakness and exploit their strength in the market to gain profit and advantages over its competitor. Honda motor should focus on this new product, so when the products come out, it will be very strong compare with its competitors products. The proposal to produce this new product must be confidential; the other competitors must not know the plan of Honda motor. When Honda motor introduces the new product to the market, competitor will dont know how to defend, and the new product can be very successful. Besides that, Honda can become first mover to control the whole market situation and let the competitor to follow Honda motor. Employees are the most important sources of a company. So, Honda motor must have a good communication with the worker, try to understand their situation and satisfy their needs. Besides, Honda motor can provide some training to the employee, so that they can upgrade their skill and knowledge about the technologies. Thus, they can use their knowledge to develop new product and help Honda to gain more advantages. On the other hand, Honda motor also can provides motivation campaign for the employees; this can give the chances to let the manager to interact with employees and improve co-operative between them. Furthermore, the manager can become the role model to the employees; this can motivate the employees to be more productive. Honda motor can give the rewards to the employees that have the well performance. This can maintain the employees performance and increase their motivation. Beside, Honda also can gives the appreciate to all the workers so that the workers can know that their hard work are being appreciated and they will work more hard. This can help the company to run more smoothly. In addition, as mentioned by Sun Zi, The main purpose of the war is to win in the battle and not to prolong the battle. Same with the business, speed is one of the ways to reduce the organization operating cost. Most of the business is selling their SPEED concept for example INTEL, UPS and DHL. So, Honda should decrease the operating time because longer time taken to complete a product, more expenses is needed. When the time for operation is shorter, then productivity of organization is increase and improves their value in the market. Indirectly it will become more competitive advantage for the organization.

Realization :: English Literature Essays

Realization From what I see, I am nothing special, nothing out of the ordinary. Nothing has happened to me my whole life that hasn’t happened to nearly everybody else on this planet. Except that I met Brian. Being in his arms were some of the happiest times I had ever experienced. I could look deep into his eyes and be enchanted forever. Being with him changed my soul. I felt his love prying apart the hard shell of shyness that encircled me. His trust, his love and his support for me lifted me from the earth and gently sent me into the clouds. He cast off the chains I had given myself. Through him I learned a new insight about the world. It was as if a tall, dark mountain had stood in front of me, and out of nowhere, he provided the wings to fly over it. We met at my work. We started dating each other and seeing more and more of each other every day, not knowing that we were falling in love. Soon we became a couple. Our relationship was everything it should have been, almost as if our tim e together had been written for a novel. We grew closer and closer during the school year. We would go to the movies, go out to eat, go shopping and most of all be with each other for a long time. I could hardly sleep at night, just anticipating the next time I would see him and the upcoming weekend we would be together. I shared everything with him, even things I kept from my family and my best friend. Realization From what I see, I am nothing special, nothing out of the ordinary. Nothing has happened to me my whole life that hasn’t happened to nearly everybody else on this planet. Except that I met Brian. Being in his arms were some of the happiest times I had ever experienced. I could look deep into his eyes and be enchanted forever. Being with him changed my soul. I felt his love prying apart the hard shell of shyness that encircled me. His trust, his love and his support for me lifted me from the earth and gently sent me into the clouds. He cast off the chains I had given myself. Through him I learned a new insight about the world. It was as if a tall, dark mountain had stood in front of me, and out of nowhere, he provided the wings to fly over it.

Autopsy at a Crime Scene

1. Which technique is the best choice when blood is found at a crime scene? In the genetics laboratory (under â€Å"resources† at the bottom of the window), who is one individual that contributed to modern genetic analysis? What did this person contribute? * The best choice of a technique when blood is found at a crime scene is taking samples. In the genetics laboratory the person who contributes to modern genetic analysis is the crime scene technician. This person makes the crime scene freeze. 2. How are computers used in fingerprint analysis? * Computers are used in fingerprint analysis because they scan the fingerprints found and they see if they can find the exact match on the computer. 3. Who is a pioneer in fingerprint analysis? Describe a famous case that this person was involved in. * A pioneer in fingerprint analysis is Edward Foster. A famous case he was once involved in was â€Å"Caution! Fresh Paint. † It was about fingerprints that were left in wet paint next to the murder victim. . What is the role of the forensic chemist in crime scene investigation? * The role of the forensic chemist in a crime scene investigation is that they analyze chemicals, organic and inorganic samples. They identify components using many tests. 5. Who helped pioneer forensic chemistry? Describe one of her famous cases. * France Mc. Gill helped pioneer forensic chemistry. One of her famous cases was about she found a strong poison in two elders muffins and it killed them. Turns out it was the granddaughter, her intent was to give them to her dad. 6. In the ballistics laboratory, what is the water tank used for? Describe the analysis. * In the ballistics laboratory the water tank is used to determine if a bullet found at the crime scene actually came from the suspect’s weapon. They have to use another bullet from the same gun. They shoot it into a water tank and it slows it down and stops it so that they can collect it intact. 7. Who helped pioneer ballistics analysis? What did he contribute? Wilfred Derome helped pioneer ballistics analysis. He contributed the first forensic lab in North America. 8. Why is measuring and diagramming the scene important? * It is important to measure and diagram the crime scene because they sketch these and later they are put onto the computer for an accurate plan. 9. What materials or tools would a crime scene technician use? * The materials that a crime scene technician would use would be a camera, polilight, measurements and diagramming, relevant prints, and sample taking. 0. From the activity and the information it had, what aspect of an investigation do you think you’d most like to work in? For example, would you prefer one of the laboratories? What appeals to you about this particular aspect of the investigation? * From this activity and the information it had I think the type of aspect of an investigation I would like to work in would be the genetics laboratory. The thing that appeals to me is how they collect DNA and how they can match it to a certain person.

Making a Wise Choice by Avoiding Early Marriage

He has his whole life ahead of him and he still has lots to learn and experience. . What qualities of a mature person does the author possess? -The author seems to possess the qualities of being a mature, wise and responsible Individual. These are evident In the decisions that he made based on morality and not on emotions. He learned from the experiences of his friends and made a realization that a mature person must not act on Impulse and every decision must be done with critical and reflective thinking. . What qualities of an Immature person do you find In his friends? -Considering the choices made by his friends regarding relationships, we think hat they are Immature In a way how they made decisions without weighing the consequences of their actions. Sure, they were ready to face the foreseen responsibilities of being a father but they were not mentally and financially prepared to create a family of their own. 4. Have you had any encounter with Incidents salary to those of the aut hor?Give a personal reaction to your observation In relation to getting married and having a family. -We haven't had such encounters salary to the author. However, we think that entering a relationship and getting married Is a fastidious decision that requires ore time and experience to learn from. It entails huge responsibility that must not be taken lightly. Not everyone Is destined or given the opportunity to have a family; some embrace the path of single blessedness while others are called to live a religious life.Making a Wise Choice by Avoiding Early Marriage By Karakas-Manual MANUAL, Karakas Pauline D. J. HOBBIES, Mane Crystal JOY L. Responsible individual. These are evident in the decisions that he made based on made a realization that a mature person must not act on impulse and every decision 3. What qualities of an immature person do you find in his friends? Hat they are immature in a way how they made decisions without weighing the 4. Have you had any encounter with incid ents similar to those of the author?Give a personal reaction to your observation in relation to getting married and having a -We haven't had such encounters similar to the author. However, we think that entering a relationship and getting married is a fastidious decision that requires more time and experience to learn from. It entails huge responsibility that must not be taken lightly. Not everyone is destined or given the opportunity to have a family; religious life.

Make a Glowing Ice Sphere Using Ice

Make a Glowing Ice Sphere Using Ice There are a few different ways you can make a non-toxic glowing ice sphere. You can even make a glowing crystal ball that you can float in a bowl of punch to drink. Glowing Ice Sphere Materials The most important item for this project is a mold that you can use to make a sphere of ice. You can use a plastic snap-together ball, meant for making your own holiday ornaments or you can fill any hemisphere containers to put together two halves of a sphere. Look for ice cube trays that make rounded ice, small bowls, large measuring spoons, melon ballers, etc. Plastic and metal containers work well; dont use any container made from thin glass, since it may shatter when you are freezing the ice. How to Make Water Glow for the Ice You have a few different ways to make your ice glow. Tonic Water - BlueTonic water glows blue when it is exposed to a black light due to the fluorescence of quinine, the ingredient which gives tonic water its characteristic flavor. You can freeze tonic water and float your ice sphere in a punchbowl. This type of glowing ice is completely safe to eat or drink. Highlighter Water - Any ColorIf you squeeze the ink from a non-toxic fluorescent highlighter pen into water and pour it into a mold, you can get an icy sphere that glows brightly under a black light. Although the ice is non-toxic, it isnt good to eat or drink. Use highlighter ink when you want a wide selection of colors or want brightly glowing ice. Glowing Ice - Greenish YellowIf you mix a little non-toxic glowing paint into some water and make an ice sphere, you will have an ice ball that glows in the dark for an extended period of time. This type of ice makes a great snowball. Shave the ice or slush it up in a blender, pack it into a snowball shape, expose it to a bright light , then turn out the lights and have a snowball fight in the dark. Watch a YouTube video tutorial showing how to make a glowing ice ball and see what they look like.

To the Top of Mt.Everest (Valley of the Dolls) essays

To the Top of Mt.Everest (Valley of the Dolls) essays To The Top of Mount Everest... In 1966, Jacqueline Susann published The Valley of the Dolls ; one of the three outstanding novels she wrote before her death in 1974. Set in New York City, this novel takes us through the incredulous decline of three girls seemingling perfect lives; Anne Welles, Neely OHara, and Jennifer North. Anne Welles, the center character of this novel, moves to New York to escape a solid, orderly and planned life in her home town of Lawrencville. Upon her arrival in New York, she discovers that everyone seems to be hagridden with the idea of the perfect life and many consider her daft for leaving a place where such a thing is provided for you. She feels confident at first but more and more throughout the story her whole world is turned upside down and she feels as if she is alone in a world where no one hears her or even cares what she has to say. The overall atmosphere of the novel begins as hopeful...but ultimately becomes dismal yet eerily pacifying; in that you accept her life for what it has become, as she does. Jacqueline Susann certainly keeps one wanting more throughout this novel; she never gives to much away at once, yet tells just enough so that it is impossible Anne Welles is unmistakably the most crucial character in this novel. Her story is a very sad one to tell. At just 20 years old she left everything she had ever known(and despised) and took off to New York City to pursue her dream. Her dream was simple; to make it on her own and never to settle. Anne was beautiful, which people particularly noticed as hers was not a typical beauty. She was modest in the way she dressed, plain dark linen, and minimal jewelry, as opposed to outrageous platforms and pompadours that women in that time adored. She had light blonde hair that she let ha...

Opinion of, Opinion on, Opinion about

Opinion of, Opinion on, Opinion about Opinion of, Opinion on, Opinion about Opinion of, Opinion on, Opinion about By Maeve Maddox A reader objected to the use of â€Å"on† in an example given in a post about prepositions: REFERENCE: He asked my opinion on the matter. IMHO, I think this use is a stretch. I would substitute about for on. He asked my opinion about the matter. More and more it seems that writers have forgotten the word about and use on instead, a rather annoying tendency. According to an informal web search using quotation marks around the phrases, opinion of is more common than either opinion on or opinion about: â€Å"opinion about† 7,470,000 hits â€Å"opinion on† 18,600,000 hits â€Å"opinion of† 52,800,000 hits The OED entry for opinion reflects this apparent preference, offering one example each for â€Å"opinion on† and â€Å"opinion about,† but 24 for â€Å"opinion of.† All three sound fine to me. Here are some quotations from newspapers: Looking for political cover, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., said Tuesday, â€Å"Everybody I know in the Senate, everybody is in favor of maintaining coverage for pre-existing conditions. There is no difference of opinion about that whatsoever.† Expert opinion on game-related research is further split, with hundreds of academics calling findings linking playing video games to violence flawed, while others argue that studies show â€Å"either no relationship between playing video games and violent behavior, or an ‘insignificant’ link between the two.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:25 Subordinating ConjunctionsFor Sale vs. On Sale45 Idioms About the Number One

Armenia Needs Humvees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Armenia Needs Humvees - Essay Example However, this process was not finalised until December 25, 1991. It is also a member of NATO and the UN. As it is in the limits between Europe and Asia, it shares features with both. Due to this strategic geographical location, it is within the sphere of influence of the US and Russia. The Republic covers an area of 29,800 km2 and has a population of more than 3 million inhabitants of which 97.7% are Armenian, 1.3% are Yazidi Kurds and 0.5% are Russians. In 2005 the Gross Domestic Product, or GDP, was 14.17 billion dollars (circa 4,270 dollars per capita), situating it in the 127th position of the list supplied by the International Monetary Fund, just above countries like Iceland, Jamaica or Brunei [1]. Armenia is a poorly industrialized country, with a manufacturing sector that represents circa 30% of the GNI. A total of 40% of the work force is employed in industry and the building sector. In terms of production, the most successful areas are mining (the extraction and refining of minerals such as gold, copper, silver or zinc) and manufacture, with the production of machinery and synthetic rubber at the forefront. It is a complex but beautiful language [2], which shows influences from Hindu, Persian, Arabic, Greek and Latin. It also incorporates expressions and words from English, Russian or French. Interestingly, Armenian has remained virtually unchanged since it was first used more than 1,500 years ago. Armenian alphabet is truly unique. It was designed by Mesrop Mashtots at the beginning of the 5th century. Due to the uncertainties of those years, it was received as a divine gift, as an intellectual tool in the fight against fanaticism. Until that point, any documents in the Armenian language had been written by "borrowing" the Greek alphabet. Armenians soon started using the new alphabet to translate, for example, philosophical, scientific or religious documents, which has allowed them to safeguard their identity during successive invasions and thus avoid the loss of their traditions and customs. 1.3. Culture Armenia is an interesting tourist destination. In total, on the territory of Armenia there are 10 natural lakes, 15 rivers and 5 canyons. Natural attractions include the hot springs of Jermuk and Arzni, where one can take a bath immersed in medicinal mineral water; the beautiful Lake Sevan, where one can relax on its shores or practice water sports; the spectacular waterfall of Shaki; the forests of Dilijan, Gugark or Bjurakan; and the caves and cliffs of the Southeast of the country, all locations of great natural beauty. One of the symbols of Armenia is the Mount Ararat, which at 5,265 m high can be seen from many locations in the Southwest of the country. Yerevan, the capital of

Business Operation Training Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Operation Training - Research Paper Example In essence, a vision statement indicates the future of the company while a mission statement demonstrates ways of achieving a predetermined future. A vision statement answers the questions ‘what,’ when,’ and ‘why’ whereas a mission statement answers the questions ‘how’ and the impact (Sabrautzki, 2010).   Henry Ford Health System has a simple vision statement that has one aim, which is to enhance the health of people. Its mission statements provide avenues through which the organization will achieve its vision. It entails transforming individual health of people in order to improve the overall health of society. On the other hand, The Coca-Cola Company has vision and mission statements that are more elaborate. In essence, the Coca-Cola Company has three objectives in its mission statement that will fulfill vision, which revolves around stakeholder satisfaction, high productivity, and betterment of the world. Fundamentally, the vision statements of the two companies are geared towards enhancing the lives of people across the globe although the Coca-Cola Company has a vision statement that transcends beyond its boundaries. Both business strategy and business model enable an organization to formulate the best ways of working towards its goals in order to gain competitive advantage in the market. Although they sound, the same, the two business terms differ in their applications and purpose. For example, the main purpose of a business strategy is to ensure that an organization achieves its long-term plans. On the other hand, a business model has the sole purpose of generating revenue for an organization and making sure that its profitability continues to rise (Mathur,  Mathur,  S. & Kenyon, 2012). Unlike a business model that is concerned with profitability issues, a business strategy deals majorly with the key resource issues. For example, an organization can adopt a strategy that will enable it to expand through the establishment of a new

What Is and What Is Not Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What Is and What Is Not Science - Essay Example To be alive requires breathing; it is to inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. Life generates a significant amount of chemical free energy which skips not only limitations but also inefficiencies linked to transfer of power within the planet’s thermodynamic hierarchy. Some people such as Frank Drake believe humankind is alone in the universe. Drake argued that if there were aliens in deep space, their communication would have been discovered. Enrico Fermi believed otherwise. Fermi argued that there existed extraterrestrial intelligence in nearby systems. According to Fermi, we are not the only humans in the universe. Only Drake’s argument is a science. Science involves qualitative and quantitative testing; Drake believed if there were other humans in the universe, their communication would have been discovered. Fermi’s argument is not science because he used only observation to make his claim.  Radiocarbon dating determines the age of a material or object. C arbon decays at a constant rate (5,730  ± 40years), the date at which an organism died can be estimated by measuring the sum of its residual radiocarbon. Radiocarbon measurements were made a shroud that was believed to have covered Jesus to determine its age. The result of the study which took place in Turin showed the shroud was made in1260-1390 AD. The current controversy of the shroud shows that the shroud is 2000 years. Giulio Fanti used infrared and Roman spectroscopy to determine the amount of cellulose in the shroud fiber.  

Global analysis of communication media in China Essay

Global analysis of communication media in China - Essay Example There is more than one factor which determines the global communication outlook of a country. For a country like China major factors that hamper its global communication issue include, but are not limited to the political and institutional based constraints the country faces, lack of knowledgeable and skillful workforce and major differences in cultural and media traditions in comparison to how they are in the west. At this stage it wouldn’t be wrong to say that China is centrally situated in the global communication setting owing to several issues. The most important of them include the fact that China is, in fact a leading super power, and the world wants to know more and more about it. They are competitive to such an extent that at the current point of time, businesses from all over the world face a threat from the Chinese businesses and hence need to be aware of what is going on there. It has been observed there are various political and institutional constraint in China t hat block the path of global communication. ... It must also be mentioned here that there are major differences in how international media anchors operates in comparison to how the Chinese counterparts do and this do. It has also been observed that Chinese officials are to be blamed for their failure to harness the country’s positive image across by using the international media to their benefit. Another major factor which pushes away China from being perfectly open to global communication the country’s media men lack proper interaction with foreign media. Moreover, they are not given proper communication and PR courses and that’s one of the key reasons why they fail to convey the fuller picture of China to the international media. The Chinese media men and bureaucracy also lack knowledge of foreign audience and that also majorly compromises the way their external communication setting. It is advisable that people involved in such places be familiar with international culture and traditions so they understand who they exactly are reporting to and present the country’s image accordingly. The national media model in the country is not a very complicated one. There are government backed broadcasters as well some private media houses in the country who are responsible for serving the Chinese population at home and abroad. It must also be mentioned here that most of the information that comes out on the media is highly susceptible to censor by the Chinese government. Any material that is deemed to be anti-government or which is likely to promote a negative image of the country abroad, even though it may be true, is censored completely and the government takes this very seriously (Golan, Johnson and Wanta, 2010). This can be understood from the fact that the internet giant Google had to shut down its

If ICT (Information and Communication Technology) has enabled Essay

If ICT (Information and Communication Technology) has enabled financial markets to become more globalised, wont this undermine the reasons for banks and other financial services to remain in London - Essay Example The globalisation has also seen the expansion of institutional investor activities into new territories, meaning the movement of a significant portion of their investments to new markets. This paper seeks to explore the implications of this phenomenon with the aim of showing that ICT, although means better communication and better cooperation across space, space still matters.. Economic geography seeks to explain spatial orientation and distribution of economic activities (Krugman 2011, p. 5). The property of labour to be attracted to production centres makes the production centres even more attractive as the new employees are also consumers resulting in other firms as well as workers joining the centre (Krugman 1991, p. 5). The centripetal market forces described are attributed to the agglomeration of the centres and not the proximity to natural resources (Smith 2012, p. 4). This was what caused the first unbundling with productions that occurred in rural settings with products intended for locals shifting to industrial form of production (Elms and Low 2013, p. 13). This classified the north industrialisation. However, with the ICT innovations of recent years that have seen the reduction of transport costs that makes the occurrence of agglomeration less likely. To explore these peripheries, the businesses need to have a centralised manufacturing area. This is coupled higher costs and congestion caused by an agglomeration act as centrifugal forces driving production away from the centres through sourcing strategies (Smith 2012 p. 5).With the ICT innovations spurring globalisation, the effect was that the spatial economics views shifted This phenomenon explained the north de-industrialisation and south industrialisation otherwise known as the second unbundling (Elms and Low 2013, p. 14). Countries of the North (Europe, Japan and North America) saw an industrial revolution as a result of

Managing Business Process- Coca Cola Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Business Process- Coca Cola - Essay Example Generally, the company global but operates in small scale in each community where the products of the company are sold. The organization is able to have a global impact and reach of its consumers because of the efficient system. The system mainly consists of the bottling partners that total to nearly 300 and the Coca-Cola Company. The Company is responsible for the synthesizing and selling of concentrates, bases and syrups to the bottling partners. It also owns the Coca-Cola brands and is in charge of the marketing initiative. The bottling partners to the company are responsible for packaging, manufacturing, distribution and merchandising of the products to vending partners and customers. The company does not own or control most of the bottling facilities that it works in close relationship with. The bottling partners tend to have a close working relationship with the consumers. The main consumers are stores, street vendors, movie theatres, restaurants and amusement parks. Through the effective system, the company is able to achieve 1.7 billion sales in a day.FEMSA is the largest bottler in the world, the percentage of the company’s Unite Case Volume is 10%, and Coca-Cola Company has 32% ownership of the interest. Hellenic is the second biggest and has a Unit Case Volume of 8%, Coca-Cola has a percentage ownership of 23% of the interests made. Amatil is believed to be the third largest and has a Unit Case Volume of 2%. Coca-Cola has an ownership of 30% of the interest made  

If ICT (Information and Communication Technology) has enabled Essay

If ICT (Information and Communication Technology) has enabled financial markets to become more globalised, wont this undermine the reasons for banks and other financial services to remain in London - Essay Example The globalisation has also seen the expansion of institutional investor activities into new territories, meaning the movement of a significant portion of their investments to new markets. This paper seeks to explore the implications of this phenomenon with the aim of showing that ICT, although means better communication and better cooperation across space, space still matters.. Economic geography seeks to explain spatial orientation and distribution of economic activities (Krugman 2011, p. 5). The property of labour to be attracted to production centres makes the production centres even more attractive as the new employees are also consumers resulting in other firms as well as workers joining the centre (Krugman 1991, p. 5). The centripetal market forces described are attributed to the agglomeration of the centres and not the proximity to natural resources (Smith 2012, p. 4). This was what caused the first unbundling with productions that occurred in rural settings with products intended for locals shifting to industrial form of production (Elms and Low 2013, p. 13). This classified the north industrialisation. However, with the ICT innovations of recent years that have seen the reduction of transport costs that makes the occurrence of agglomeration less likely. To explore these peripheries, the businesses need to have a centralised manufacturing area. This is coupled higher costs and congestion caused by an agglomeration act as centrifugal forces driving production away from the centres through sourcing strategies (Smith 2012 p. 5).With the ICT innovations spurring globalisation, the effect was that the spatial economics views shifted This phenomenon explained the north de-industrialisation and south industrialisation otherwise known as the second unbundling (Elms and Low 2013, p. 14). Countries of the North (Europe, Japan and North America) saw an industrial revolution as a result of

Synthesis and Purification of Acetylsalicylic Acid Essay Example for Free

Synthesis and Purification of Acetylsalicylic Acid Essay Synthesis and Purification of Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA or Aspirin) Background Salicylic acid is a phenol as well as a carboxylic acid. It can therefore undergo two different types of esterification reactions, creating an ester either with the hydroxyl or with the acid. In the presence of acetic anhydride, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin or ASA) is formed. Correspondingly, an excess of methanol will form methyl salicylate, which is also an analgesic. In this experiment, we shall use the former reaction to prepare aspirin. Salicylic acid will not react significantly with acetic acid to produce aspirin. Acetic acid anhydride, however, is more reactive than acetic acid because the acetoxy group (-O2CCH3) is a much better leaving group than the OH- of acetic acid. The reaction has one complication, however, in that an esterification can occur between the phenol and acid portion of adjacent salicylic acid molecules. Further, more molecules can bind to the remaining free substituents on these molecules to create a macromolecule, or polymer. The polymer is formed as a by-product. Acetylsalicylic acid will react with sodium bicarbonate to form a water-soluble sodium salt, whereas the polymer remains insoluble. This difference can be used to purify the aspirin product. The most likely impurity in the final product is salicylic acid, which can be either unconsumed reactant, or the result of hydrolysis of the aspirin product. Salicylic acid is removed during the purification steps as well. Salicylic acid, like most phenols, forms a highly colored complex with ferric chloride, and is easily detected. Aspirin does not form the colored complex because the hydroxyl has been acetylated. Provide tabulated and experimental MP’s for product. Report mass and moles for the reactant and product, and calculate yield % on a molar basis. Mechanism The mechanism is called nucleophilic acyl substitution. It is similar, but not identical, to the hydrolysis on pg 802. The entering nucleophile is salicylic acid, not water. On the resulting tetrahedral intermediate, the H from salicylic acid moves to the middle O on the anhydride. Finally, the leaving group is acetic acid, not chloride. No base is involved. Provide structures of all intermediates in your lab report.

Tropical Death and Mid-Term Break | Analysis

Tropical Death and Mid-Term Break | Analysis Compare and contrast the presentation of death and grief in both poems In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting the presentation of death and grief in the two poems, ‘Tropical Death and ‘Mid-Term Break. Grace Nichols, the poet of ‘Tropical Death, was born in Guyana, 1950, and then migrated to England at the age of 27. In all of her writing, her own history and that of her country have clearly had a profound impact as she says, â€Å"I am a writer across two worlds; I just cant forget my Caribbean culture and past, so theres this contrast interaction between the two worlds: Britain and the Caribbean.† Seamus Heaney, the poet of ‘Mid Term Break, was born in Ireland in 1939 as the eldest of nine children. Many of his works concern his own family history as well and also seems to focus on characters in his own family: they can be read as elegies for those family members. The content of both the poems presents the themes of death and grief. Both poems deal with two poetic voices discussing and dealing with death. In â€Å"Tropical Death† she is planning the end of her life whereas in â€Å"Mid Term Break† he is dealing with the loss of his brother. In ‘Tropical Death, the content consists of a Caribbean â€Å"black woman† wanting â€Å"a brilliant tropical death†. Grace Nichols discusses going back to her home country because she is planning the end of her life and would like a dramatic, traditional death. I think this as she suggests so much of her own death that the reader presumes she has come to the end of her life. I, as a reader, find the poetic voice in the category of integrity. This is because she is feeling ready for her own death and is hence planning for it. We also know she wants a dramatic death because it says, â€Å"no quiet jerk tear wiping, a polite hearse withdrawal†, proving the woman wants an ‘over the top end to her life. The poetic voice wants a tragic death, as it also states â€Å"all the sleepless droning/ red-eyed wake nights†. This suggests vigil. In â€Å"Mid Term Break† the content consists of an account of a family tragedy. In the poem the poetic voice attends the funeral of his younger brother who, at the age of four, was run over. We know this because it says â€Å"my mother held my hand†, â€Å"met my father crying†, â€Å"they were ‘sorry for my trouble† and â€Å"I was the eldest†. All these quotes tell us, as the reader, what the family is going through. This makes us feel pathos for the poetic voice. The poetic voice is actually Heaneys own as this really did happen in his life. This make the peace feel more heart-felt and emotional because all these things Heaney talks about were real. The ideas the poets may have wanted us to think about presents the themes of death and grief. In ‘Tropical Death, an idea Nichols wanted us to think about was how she knows and has identified the way in which she would like to die. â€Å"Woman want†, she is portrayed as always wanting which shows pride, determination, self-radiance, independence and strength. She had thought so much about her death that she knows every detail, down to what dress she would like to wear, â€Å"blue sea dress/ to wrap her neat†. When I first read this I thought the poetic voice meant she wanted to drown, â€Å"dress† being the waves and â€Å"neat† meaning to take her life quickly and painlessly. Yet having re-read it, I realised the woman was actually just referring to her plans for her traditional Caribbean outfit in which she wanted to be buried in. In â€Å"Mid Term Break†, an idea Heaney wanted us to think about was the imagery used to express ideas of death . Heaney uses a metaphor to describe the only mark on the boys body, â€Å"poppy bruise†. This is also the only colour talked about in the piece which makes this one mark more intense. It says he had â€Å"no gaudy scars† because â€Å"the bumper knocked him clear† and having this one little bruise, although it was probably quite small, seems extremely vivid and sickening. The colour also contrasts with the boys skin, which is described by the poetic voice as â€Å"paler now†. This also emphasises the â€Å"poppy bruise† for us, as the reader, to imagine the mark to stand out quite spectacularly. Another image Heaney wants use to imagine is the four foot box, which is alliteration. This device emphasises the negative tone and harsh nature, making the thought of this coffin more believable and realistic. My favorite device Heaney uses is onomatopoeia; â€Å"whispers†, â€Å"coughed†, â€Å"sighs†. This helps create the effect th at we are actually there, hearing what the poetic voice is hearing. It makes the scene so much more real, again, like we are actually there- this emphasises the quite sadness. The mood and atmosphere of both poems present the themes of death and grief. In â€Å"Tropical Death† the mood is quite exotic and I, as a reader, could almost imagine a Caribbean woman saying these things. This was because it was written in a language that captures the Caribbean dialect, but I will go on to write more about this later on. Grace writes, â€Å"No quiet jerk tear wiping†. This is not ‘Standard English, emphasizing the Caribbean influence, and there is no punctuation throughout the piece. The mood is tropical, the writer talks about â€Å"heat† and â€Å"cool† and â€Å"shade† which suggests the temperature, making the reader feel as if we are there, in the Caribbean. The mood is also quite upbeat, with colourful words such as; â€Å"brilliant†, â€Å"blue sea dress† and â€Å"red eyed†. This vibrant text makes us think of the bright colours on the island. After â€Å"all the sleepless droning† the moo d softens, â€Å"her mothers sweet breast†, â€Å"cool bless†. These peaceful descriptions lower the tension levels to make the last couplet seem stronger. In â€Å"Mid Term Break† there is a noticeable change in atmosphere between stanza five and stanza six. In the first five stanzas the atmosphere is tense and cold as the â€Å"ambulance arrived† and the arrival of the corpse â€Å"stanched and bandaged†. The energy level of the poetic voice is low throughout these first five stanzas, like the poetic voice is tired and drowned from all that is going on. However, in the final few stanzas the atmosphere changes peaceful, â€Å"snowdrops†, â€Å"candles soothed†, â€Å"he lay†. These bring down the tension levels as we picture the calm, relaxed mood around the cot. Heaney uses pathos, â€Å"I met my father crying†. This emphasises the bleak tone of the poem, playing on the readers feelings. How the poems are written present the themes of death and grief. The poem â€Å"Tropical Death† has a refrain which is repeated at the start of every stanza (except for the fifth one). Having the same line every time we start a new paragraph of the poem helps us, as a reader, to be brought back to what the whole poem is about, as a constant reminder. This repetition is an eternal rhyme and its a connotation of death. It is also alliteration, a device Nichols uses throughout her poem. The refrain also stands out due to its stressed syllables, which are short and staccato vowel sounds. The ‘t and the ‘k letters make the beat hard and unappealing. Repetition is thought to originate from the call and response tradition of Africa; it could be a big part in her writing due to Grace Nichols background. The poem also hints at several lovely parts of death; â€Å"blue sea dress/ to wrap her neat†, â€Å"polite hearse†, â€Å"in the heart/ of her mothers sweet breast†, â€Å"in the shade/ of the sun leafs cool bless†, â€Å"in the bloom/ of her peoples bloodrest†. This tells me, as a reader, that â€Å"the fat black woman† awaits the end of her life with dignity, her head held high having fulfilled her planned life and is subsequently planning her own death for when it may arrive. The structure of â€Å"Tropical Death† is divided into five stanzas and one ending couplet. Stanza one, two, three and four all start with the line â€Å"the fat black woman want†. The fifth stanza doesnt start with this but then the couplet does, also the fourth and fifth stanzas are longer than the first, second and third. This could be to emphasise the final image more, by giving the reader a break from the refrain and also the length of the two stanzas before outline the short and snappiness of the ending couplet. This break is to not detract from the message and there is also no punctuation in the couplet, this is so the reader is left with a strong image. This image has been building up throughout the piece, â€Å"the fat black woman want/ a brilliant tropical death yes†. â€Å"Tropical Death† is written in a language that captures the Caribbean dialect. It uses some unfamiliar vocabulary, e.g. ‘hibiscus is a plant native to warm tropical regions; ‘blue sea dress is a traditional African dress. It creates as strong sense of the voice of the speaker. It clearly sets the poem in a culture other than that represented by ‘Standard English. By using a mixture of Standard English and a dialect form it emphasises a particular idea, in this poem the idea is of wanting to go back to her home country. This technique gives a sense of the dual ‘voice that the poet possesses. Nichols enjoys exploring these cultural differences: ‘I like working in both Standard English and Creole. I tend to want to fuse the two tongues because I come from a background where the tw o worlds were constantly interacting, though Creole was regarded, obviously, as the inferior of the colonial powers when I was growing up. In â€Å"Mid Term Break† the rhyme scheme is non-existent. I believe this is to make the tone of the piece more serious and grown up. It is written like an episode rather than a poem. This highlights the realist mood and atmosphere. The finishing couplet is more memorable as the middle is slower and bland. The rhyming couplet seems to sooth. Heaney writes, â€Å"No gaudy scars, the bumper knocked him clear/ A four foot box, a foot for every year†. This decreases the tension and affirms the ending of the peace. The dialect is Standard English, with punctuation. This helps us to imagine the poetic voice to live somewhere cold and unappealing because the language used is harsh and unwelcoming. How the poems are similar presents the themes of death and grief. Both poems finish with a punchy line, to leave the reader with an image to take with them. In â€Å"Tropical Death† this is the fact that the poetic voice wants to go back to her home country to die in a traditional way yet in â€Å"Mid Term Break† this is the fact that a boy has died young from a tragic accident. These final images conclude both poems strongly. Both poems have a similar layout, with regular stanzas and a final shorter stanza. Both poems overall talk about the same things, but â€Å"Tropical Death† discusses in a more up-beat, lively and natural sort of way- it is the natural order of life. Whereas, in Heaneys poem, it is written in a more dejected and sad kind of way. How the poems are different present the themes of death and grief. In Nichols poem she talks about the planning of her death whereas in Heaneys poem he talks about a boy who has died young- his life was cut tragically short, without any notice. Nichols is basically saying all that the boy in Heaneys poem had, she doesnt want. She says â€Å"not a cold sojourn/ in some North Europe far/forlorn†. That is exactly what the little boy in Heaneys poem got. Nichols says she doesnt want â€Å"a polite hearse† and yet thats what Heaneys poem has, â€Å"sorry for my trouble†, â€Å"whispers†. The â€Å"fat black woman† wants â€Å"some bawl†, â€Å"Sleepless droning† unlike the boy had in Heaneys poem, â€Å"coughed out tearless sighs†, â€Å"I was embarrassed†. All these things prove that everything Heaney describes in his poem is everything Nichols is saying she doesnt want; both poems sum up the cultural norms. Our culture is pr esented in Heaneys poem as cold, â€Å"snowdrops† with lots of secrecy, â€Å"whispers†, and this contrast greatly with Nichols culture which is described as lively and welcoming. The coldness and grayness hit us in Heaneys poem, â€Å"no gaudy scars† and white â€Å"snowdrops†. This is such a contrast from Nichols vivid and warm piece, â€Å"heat†, â€Å"tropical†. In â€Å"Mid Term Break† there is tension, â€Å"embarrassed†, there is forced politeness and secrecy. It is a hint that we dont have a welcoming culture, unlike Nichols culture, ours seems cold and behind doors, â€Å"a cold sojourn† as described in â€Å"Tropical Death†. In conclusion, these two poems present death and grief in two different ways- we hear the negativity of Heaneys traumatic experience, which completely contrasts with Nichols positive request to return to her homeland for her death.

The Pros and Cons of Technology Essay examples -- Term Papers Research

The Pros and Cons of Technology As far back as I can remember my family and I have taken advantage of technology. The types of technology have changed over the years, along with our usage and dependence on it. Technology is a fundamental part of our lifestyle, including both work and play. What is interesting is that we also have many friends who use very little technology in their day-to-day living. This drastic difference makes one wonder how necessary the technology really is, and whether or not our dependence on it is healthy in the long run. It is really easy to just get caught up in using technology without thinking about the pros and cons. I was born in the 80’s, so technology as, I know it, was beginning to take aim at the mainstream United States and the world. I grew up in an era of change, whether or not this change is good is yet to be determined. When I talk about technology I am making reference to computers, automation, and most â€Å"new age† technology. My first exposure to computers was at my dad’s lab at the University of Michigan Dearborn. The computer was ancient by today’s standards, but at the time it was a marvel of technological triumph. When I was five we bought a home personal computer (pc) for my mother to write papers and utilize the Internet. I became increasingly fascinated with the possibilities the computer brought be and I was hooked. In school we had little Apple 2Es that only worked when they wanted to but we still used them every day. My mother had a large influence on my relationship with technology. First of all, she felt strongly enough to ban video games and most television shows the first ten years of my life. I started to test educational software for children when I was five because my... ...r, not batteries, because we were out in the woods for weeks on end. I settled on a small solar panel that could accommodate the digital device. The problem was that it didn’t work reliably, so just the use of the camera alone ate up my time that could have been better spent. Progress? I think not. Now, as I bash technology for some of its downfalls, I am still reminded about its benefits for medicine, and transportation. Isn’t that kind of progress beneficial for our civilization? Again the answer is, well, yes and no. Sure, we can get from point A to point B faster, but we pollute the environment and rely heavily on nonrenewable resources, which we can’t afford in the long run. I foresee my generation having to confront this. I see myself using new technologies, but, like Gomez-Pena, continuing to maintain balance, and staying grounded in a less â€Å"virtual† world.

Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights - Infanticide and Sadism :: Wuthering Heights Essays

Wuthering Heights: Infanticide and Sadism    I would like to begin by simply defining the terms infanticide and sadism. Webster's Dictionary defines infanticide as the killing of an infant or the suffering of an infant. The same source defines sadism as both a disorder in which sexual gratification is derived by causing pain or degradation to others and simply pleasure in being cruel. Now, while reading Wuthering Heights, I was giving every character the benefit of the doubt. I was accounting their rough life to simple hard times. However, after reading "Infanticide and Sadism in Wuthering Heights" my eyes were opened to the perversion of the world portrayed in Wuthering Heights. To start off, I would like to take a good look at the suffering of the children. Each child does not have the benefit of their mother for a very long period of time. "Catherine Earnshaw is not quite eight when her mother dies; Cathy Linton's birth coincides with her mother's death; Hareton's mother dies the year of his birth; and Heathcliff is an orphan by the time he is seven. Even the children who receive motherly care throughout childhood do not receive it long after they reach puberty. Linton Heathcliff loses his mother when he is not quite thirteen- Linton, of course, is a child all his life- and Isabella Linton is orphaned when she is fourteen. The only exceptions- and these unimportant - are Hindley Earnshaw and Edgar Linton, who are sixteen and eighteen respectively when their mothers die (and even their mothers are apparently not very motherly)." (Thompson 139). Bronte does away with all of the mothers. Why does she so that? She kills off the mothers to help better accent th e children's struggle against all the psycho adults who are all out to kill them. The first child to receive this kind of treatment was Heathcliff when he first arrived and Mrs. Earnshaw wanted to "fling it outdoors." This sort of treatment was subjected to every child in the book, and without their mothers, there was nobody to protect thern. Hareton Earnshaw lives a more dangerous life than most of the children. He lost his mother the year of his birth and spent a great deal of his childhood hiding from his father, whose first instinct when drunk is to kill his son. Hareton manages to survive, but Linton Heathcliff is not so lucky.

Developing nursing standards of practice Essay

The standards of practice for the RN are made up by the state board of nursing that the nurse lives in. It is each nurse’s responsibility to know and abide by their standards of practice for their state. Each state develops their standards of practice by following guidelines that the American Nurses Association (ANA) provides. The ANA has a committee on Nursing Practice Standards and Guidelines that has a duty to clarify the role and relationships that are associated with regulation of all nursing practice (ANA, n.d.). â€Å"The model recognizes the contributions of professional and specialty nursing organizations, educational institutions, credentialing and accrediting organizations, and regulatory agencies; clarifies the role of workplace policies and procedures; and confirms the individual nurse’s ultimate responsibility and accountability for defining nursing practice† (ANA, n.d.). There are 5 essential entities that are involved with developing a standard of practice. They are knowledge, role validation, competence and skill, environment, and ethics (Klein, 2005). As a standard of practice is being developed, there are questions for each entity that can be asked. For example: Knowledge—â€Å"Did I complete a program that prepared me to see this population (family, adult, pediatric) of patients?† (Klein, 2005) Role Validation—â€Å"Is additional licensure or certification required to do this skill on an ongoing or specialized basis?† (Klein, 2005) Competence and Skill—â€Å"How have I maintained competence?† (Klein, 2005) Enviroment—â€Å"Does the environment that I work in support this scope or practice through structures such as staffing, consultation, policies and procedures, protocols, and community standards?† (Klein, 2005) Ethics—â€Å"What are the potential consequences of accepting treatment responsibility for this patient?† (Klein, 2005) In conclusion, the board of nursing wants the practicing nurse to be fully competent in their work. This is a direction of how they determine the standards of practice that we follow. American Nurses Association. Determining Scope of Practice for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses.Retrieved August 6, 2014, from http://www.nursingworld.org/ScopeofPractice Klein, T. A. (2005). Scope of Practice and the Nurse Practitioner: Regulation, Competency, Expansion and Evolution. 1-2.

Human Trafficking of Young Women to be sold in Prostitution Essay

Before going into details, it seemed important to define what human trafficking is. Human trafficking regardless of its type is a criminal offense. The UN Convention against transnational crime define human trafficking as â€Å"the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of a persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the use of power, or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation† (UN Resolution 25, 2001, cited by Vandermey, Meyer, Rys, and Sebranek 2009, p. 246). Under Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act, the US Department of Justice and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) are working hard not only to make sure the laws are put into practice, but also to contain this problem (Hart 2009, p. 43). The most severe forms of human trafficking have been defined in U. S. law as sex trafficking in which â€Å"a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained eighteen years of age†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Troubnikoff 2003, p. 3). In order to perpetrate this crime, it needs at least twelve to fifteen people who will be actors. These include an agency manager, office staffs (at least three), recruiters (at least two), a coordinator, drivers, safe house, document vendors, corrupt public officials, operator, cook, and at least six armed men who will take charge of the â€Å"recruits. † It also needs an office space, office equipments, and a safe house. This crime model further needs mobile communication equipments, tainted cars, and high powered guns, and contacts with other transnational crime syndicates are essential in this operation that will facilitate the deployment of women to their prospective clients. Where and how this crime model operates? This type of crime operates in countries where many people are poor and are longing to escape from the grinding poverty. Among their base of operation are the third world countries in Asia, the former Soviet republics especially Russia and Africa. They can easily prey on young women through their promise of dollar earnings plus other benefits that are not available in their country. This crime model operates on two fronts: by fronting a fake man power agency which lured young women into prostitution under a false pretenses of high paying jobs as waitresses, dancers, models, and au pairs abroad, and by kidnapping beautiful young women. The ‘hired’ and kidnapped women will then be required to stay in the safe house where they will be strictly guarded on a twenty four hour basis. The role each actor played On the democratic front, the roles each actor played in this crime model are crucial and communication with clients as well as secrecy is of utmost importance. The roles played by the recruiters, coordinators, the armed men, and the agency manager are the most crucial as they are the ones that are most exposed to their victims. They would be the one that will be subject of the victims’ families rage if their crimes are divulged as well as the object of police manhunt. Thus, they would need to create fictitious names, addresses, and pertinent information. Like in ordinary manpower agencies, the manager confirms the applicants’ application and provides assurance to their â€Å"client† as well as direction of the entire operation. The recruiters are responsible for recruitment and hiring of women. But they need to be very careful because of the government drive to contain the problem of human trafficking. Indeed, they need to use all their convincing power that they offer real job. The agency manager is also the head of the entire operation and is responsible to make their operation smooth and successful. The role played by the coordinator is also important. He is the one that has contact with the clients. In other words, he holds key position and is in contacts â€Å"in some segments† of the operation, and â€Å"organize their services (Zhang 2007, p. 97). Zhang pointed out that the coordinator is central to human trafficking operation though they have â€Å"nothing more than the right connection for to acquire the necessary services for a fee† (p. 97). Drivers, cook, and safe house operators are also important actors towards the deployment of women. Under the law all these actors are equally liable for the crime. But the operation of this crime will not be successful at all without the connivance of a corrupt public official. Corrupt government officials who hold vital responsibility towards the review and issuance of travel documents makes the operation highly successful. The document vendors provide real or false document needed for the deployment. But on the autocratic front, the most critical role played by the actors is that of the armed men who must insure that no one could get away or escape. It is critical because if any of the victims escape, the full force of the law will surely hunt them, as well as those behind them. These men therefore need to be heartless, ruthless, and hardened criminals who would not hesitate to shot or kill anyone would attempt to escape. The Blue print of deceit Ciment and Shanty (2008) asserted that there are various schemes of deceits human traffickers employed to collect and traffic women for prostitution. Among these methods is deception, the recruitment of prostitutes, purchase or rent from relatives, boyfriends, and friends, Kidnapping, and as payment of debt (p. 220). This crime model is a rich source of illegal money as according to estimates, a single individual or a group involved in trafficking women and children for commercial sex â€Å"can make about US$122,000 from one woman in a year† Ciment, J. D. and Shanty, F. G. 008, p. 221) or an estimated 12 billion dollars annually. Deceptions of women are usually done through the form of either false promise of employment or false promise of marriage, or in some cases, a false promise of education. False marriages and mail order brides are used a means of deception to bring women for overseas prostitution. But all these promises are broken once the women are in the hands of the traffickers. They are then turned over to the safe house operators who insure maximum security with the help of armed men assigned to secure any possibility of escape. Recruitment of prostitutes also involved deception as despite these women knew what type of job awaits them. Ciment and Shanty noted that what they are not aware of is â€Å"the degree of exploitation to which they will be subjected (p. 220). The danger for this operation however is that when the supposed victims verify the identity of employment agency with proper government authorities regarding the legality of such employment agency, or the truth about the offered job with embassy of the particular country where the jobs are supposedly available. The same with the mail order bride, there is a need to verify the information of the man to be marrying with the embassy of the country where that man lives. If this is the case, there is a tendency that the whole operation will be disrupted as when formal complaints is made with government authorities regarding the discovery, the whole operation might be disrupted This operation therefore requires careful planning especially with regards to hiring, keeping and deploying women. One particular problem for them is that the families of these women are keen on the developments regarding their daughter’s longing to work abroad. In other words, they might be sensitive to anything that might be suspicious relating to working abroad. With various laws that apply to this crime such as kidnapping, illegal detention, illegal recruitment, exploitation of women and children and anti-human trafficking laws, they can easily be rapt by the authorities. That is, the families and friends of the victims can report to the authorities what ever they perceived as irregularity on the processes, the very time their daughter left their home as they are supposedly in touched with her, all through out the entire processes. In other words any thing that would create suspicion would mean risk for this business; risk in the sense that these families and friends might report to the police the disappearance of their daughters. Thus, they need to carefully lay out plans for deceitful their schemes. They might even involved in civic duties and social functions, befriend people in high places, and to even to the point of disguising as philanthropist in order to project an image that will unlikely to be suspected of crime involvement, and be generous to the families of the victims during the initial stages of the hiring. The actors in this crime model therefore appear harmless, genuinely concern, and would hardly be suspected of any crime involvement. Outwardly, they are not dangerous, dignified, and innocent but inside; they are ruthless, cruel and hardened criminals. The actors of this crime group however will use its entire means to control these women once they have gotten in their hands these women. They will confiscate all communication devices such as cell phones and devices, as well as passports and other travel documents to ensure no one will dare of escape. In order to appease the families of the ‘hired victims’ the agency might provide cash incentives or advance payment to which after everything has been facilitated particularly the deployment of women to their prospective clients, the office will banish in the thin air to transfer to a new location with a new name, new address, new schemes, but the same people, the same processes, and the same modos operande. Upon hiring of women, they need to provide assurance that everything is fine to avoid any suspicion. However, when this democratic approach proved ineffective, they will use violence to silence the families of the victims. Beeks and Amir (2006) cited that once a woman is in trafficker’s hands, the latter uses any and all means to control her: violence, including sexual assault, threats to the victim’s and her family’s lives, drugs, and threat to turn the woman over to unsympathetic authorities (p. 68). Beeks and Amid stated, â€Å"many women refuse to cooperate with the authorities because there was little or no protection, and they faced deportation, and threats against their families if they cooperate with foreign law enforcement† (p. 68). The extent of this crime model Trafficking of women for prostitution is the worst of all the types of human trafficking. According to Ciment and Shanty, there are an estimated 800,000 to 900,000 individuals that trafficked each year to which the majority come from Southeast Asia, particularly Myanmar, India, Thailand, and Cambodia. The former Soviet Union is now seen to be growing source of trafficking for prostitution and the sex industry (p. 195). The extent of human trafficking is not only confined in Asian countries and the former Soviet Union. Nicola (2009) noted that trafficking in human beings for sexual exploitation, â€Å"has involved all the European Union and more in general Western European countries in the past twenty years (p. 3). The extent of human trafficking for prostitution apparently is global because the demand for commercial sex is global. There are no doubts that about the global extent of trafficking in women for prostitution as according to Jeffereys (1997) prostitution has been â€Å"industrialized internationally† (p. 307). Jeffreys pointed out that prostitution is a result of the increasing â€Å"internationalization of the world economy, in which local communities in the third world become an integral part of the industrialized countries† (p. 308). Jeffreys explained that as a consequence of the lost traditional resources, such as land, paid labor or other means of income were felt greatly by women and girls who have to take care of children and family because of tradition or the disappearance of male support (p. 308). Jeffreys asserts, â€Å"Military prostitution and sex tourism have increased the global demand for prostitution† (p. 309).