The Role Of Protein Misfolding And Aggregation In BSE

When a protein misfolds it changes its behavior and function. If it becomes hydrophobic after once being polar. The properties and functionality of the protein are no longer useful to the organism and disaster results. PrPSc is hydrophobic, it avoids water inside of the cell†¦it attracts and attaches other proteins to misfolds and become hydrophobic †¦Misfolding spreads because the PrPSc act as chaperone proteins to convert PrPc TO PrPSc and cannot be converted back to PrPc.The normal homeostasis would be reached and health regained by PROTAEOSOMES (protein destroyers) eating the corrupt PrPSc proteins BUT.. These are not recognized by the proteasomes and so are not destroyed. They keep multiplying and they clump together and aggregate inside the cell and the cell stops doing its normal work and eventually it dies. Prion – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 23, 2013, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/PrPSc How enzymes work Enzymes are co mplex protiens whose main function is to reduce or speed up the energy required for a reaction to occur.This happens thru the enzymes ability to break or form a bond within a substance that results in 1 or 2 new substances without changing the protein configuration of the enzyme itself – this keeps the enzyme available to continue its work. The area on the enzyme where the work takes place is called the active site. The specific molecule that becomes transformed is called a substrate.It seems to me that enzymes with the suffixes dehydrogenase break up substances and sythetase combine substances to make new products. Anaerobic Glycolysis occurs when there is continuing muscle activity. This produces some ATP for continued muscle work but not a whole lot. Lactic acid builds and eventually the muscles get fatigued and activity must stop. The blood then diffuses this lactate to the liver where it is converted back to glucose and enters into the citric acid cycle and more ATP is c reated.If a certain enzyme were to be lacking in the citric acid cycle if would grind it to a halt, ATP enery would not be produced and cell death would occur is one of the assisting molecules that help the electrons cross the intercellular membrane of the mitochondria. The electrons are then passed from enzyme to enzyme in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, in an energy gradient and they lose some of their energy at each step. This transfer which causes in a high concentration of H+ protons is what results in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP (and energy).The final transfer involves the combining of electrons and H2 atoms with oxygen. This forms water. The molecules that take part in the transport of these electrons are referred to as the electron transport chain. Oxaloacetate is the first substrate to bind to the enzyme. This induces the enzyme to change its conformation, and creates a binding site for the acetyl-CoA. Only when this citroyl-CoA has formed will another confor mational change cause thioester hydrolysis and release coenzyme A. This ensures that the energy released from the thioester bond cleavage will drive the condensation. Oxaloacetate will be regenerated after the completion

Management Problem in Health Care Essay

Management Problem in Health Care Worldwide health care organizations are faced with problems everyday. Motivation is one of the many management problems in health care organizations today. Health care organizations are always working together to come up with ideas and strategies to make their organizations more successful and better for everyone to work in as well. Problem solving is an on going process in health care organizations, which have been bringing positive results for everyone working in the health care organizations. Motivation is a state of feeling or thinking in which one is energized or aroused to perform a task or engage in a particular behavior. This definition focuses on motivation as an emotional or cognitive state that is independent of action. This focus clearly distinguishes motivation from the performance of a task and its consequences. Notice, too, that motivation can be a state of either feeling or thinking, or a combination of the two. For some individuals, motivation is more a matter of feeling than thinking, while, for others, the reverse is true† (Shortell & Kaluzny, 2006). Motivating the people who are working under management can be a difficult task at times. Everyone is unique, none of us are the exact same and each person needs something different to become motivated and that is where the challenge comes in for the managers, finding the right motivator for the right employee. Knowing and caring about the employees needs, will help managers know what type of rewards to offer as a way to motivate their employees. Management Problem 3 The success of any organization, especially health care organizations solely depends on the skills of managers and how they present the work environment for their employees. When employees are motivated they tend to be more satisfied with their jobs and will stay with the organization much longer as a result of their satisfaction. According to a recent survey from the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society offers some ideas on how to keep them happy. â€Å"First, pay a decent salary, â€Å"that came through loud and clear in the survey†, says Linda Hodges, executive vice president of search firm Hersher Associates, which conducted the survey with HIMSS. Salary was identified by the survey’s 361 respondents as one of the main factors they use to evaluate job satisfaction or a job offer. Forty percent of those surveyed said they don’t believe they are paid market value† (Greene, 2002). According to Lynn, â€Å"if your program examination indicates that you have done everything right but the results were not there, it is time to talk with people one-on-one. Ask each employee why the program did not have the impact you were looking for. They may have been trying as hard as they could, but only delivering a marginal performance. It is possible they are battling obstacles you cannot see. To find out what is getting in their way, ask them how you can help them improve† (Lynn, 2001). Asking these questions are important when it comes to keeping your employees involved in everything, always getting their opinions on how they think it should be done and work together as a team to come up with the best solutions. This is what a good manager is made of, including his employees in everything that has to do with the job. Management Problem 4 Maslow’s theory was unique because he believed that each person had five needs and each need had to be met before they could go on to the next need. As the process went on, each old need lost motivational value as the new need was met. According to Shortell and Kaluzny, â€Å"Maslow’s hierarchy of needs assumes there are five need levels that must be satisfied sequentially. 1. The physiological needs, these needs include things like air, water, food, warmth, shelter, and sex, the basic survival needs. 2. The security needs include a secure physical and emotional environment, examples include the need to be free from worry about money and job security. 3. Belongingness needs involve social processes, they include the need for love and affection and the need to be accepted by one’s peers. 4. Esteem needs are actually composed of two different set of needs: the need for a positive self-image or self-respect and the need for recognition and respect from others. 5. Self-actualization needs, at the top of the hierarchy, involve realizing one’s potential for continued growth and individual development† (Shortell ; Kaluzny, 2006). Although, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory seems too simple for the human body, which is very complex, this is the perfect theory of motivation for us. This theory touches every aspect of our lives and how one feels about themselves and their surroundings. People who are in management positions will be wise to use this theory when it comes to motivating their employees, in any industry health care or otherwise. It does not matter which theory you think may be best to follow, interesting work and employee pay are the two biggest motivators. Management Problem 5 After identifying the motivation problems with the employees, managers need to start right away working on a plan to overcome these problems. They can start with talking with each individual employee and ask them questions. Making the employees feel like they have a part in finding the solution is a big part in motivation too. Everyone needs to feel like they are helping in some way or another. In conclusion, even though motivating your employees is a difficult task, it must be done in order to keep them happy and to keep things running smoothly. Keeping your employees happy can only bring success to their organization. The employees will love doing their jobs and they will do them well, they will come to work everyday and this will result in a cost effective organization, because the turnover rates will be less in each organization and the organizations will not have to worry about training new employees.

Black Cinema - Carmen Jones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Black Cinema - Carmen Jones - Essay Example She was compared to another tragic Hollywood heroine, Marilyn Monroe-so glamorous was her image and turbulent was her life. â€Å"In 1954, she won the lead role in the movie that would make her a star-Carmen Jones- a lavish musical based on the nineteenth-century French opera Carmen by Georges Bizet that tells the story of a beautiful but fickle gypsy girl whose seductive ways lead to tragedy.† (Carmen Jones....) This role came to her lot on the basis of her sex-appeal. When she was not selected in her first audition, she practiced the intended role to perfection with an authentic-sounding southern accent, her tight skirt and low-cut blouse exhibited her feminine assets, she tousled her hair, the make up was brilliant and the result was obvious. She made the perfect character and won the heart of the director personally as well, though the liaison ended on an unfortunate note. The movie was a stupendous commercial success, Dorothy became the toast of Hollywood, reporters, publishers, photographer vied with each other to describe this black sex-bomb, and Life Magazine described her as one of the most beautiful women in America. Love, passion, betrayal and tragedy marked Carmen Jones which is an adaptation of Bizets legendary opera, which Dorothy plays to perfection. Her extraordinary beauty, and tremendous sex appeal is the object of desire of many men. Carmen successfully traps an army officer, he succumbs to her physical charms and forsakes the sweetheart to whom he is engaged. In the 1950-1960s Hollywood was sill plagued with racism and no black-woman would think of securing the lead role. Minor domestic and subservient roles came to their lot. Notwithstanding the maiden success of Carmen Jones, the producers and studio bosses refused to accept African American actresses for roles other than domestic servants, tramps and seductresses. In such a situation, the lusty young woman Dorothy

Implied and ExpressTerms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Implied and ExpressTerms - Essay Example In other words, different tests are applied when it comes to look for evidences regarding terms implied in fact and terms implied in law. Two tests are applied to terms implied in fact: business efficacy and officious bystander tests. Two tests are applied to terms implied in law: type of contract and necessity tests. All of these tests are completely different from each other, and they serve as guidelines at the time of finding evidence in relation to the characteristics of the terms. Koffman and Macdonald establish the difference between both kinds of terms as follows: "Terms implied in fact are individualised gap fillers, depending on the terms and circumstances of a particular contract. Terms implied in law are in reality incidents attached to standardised contractual relationships" (Society of Lloyds v Clementson [1995] CLC 117, Steyn LJ at 131 in Koffman and Macdonald, 5th ed.). On the other hand, David Atkinson from Client Plus (1999) and Gillhams Solicitors & Lawyers (2005) deal in separate publications with the issue of implied terms from a general point of view. Their conclusions are similar when they explain the different elements that are necessary for a term to be considered as implied. Atkinson quotes His Honour Judge Thayne Forbes QC enumerating five elements in the case of Davy Offshore -v- Emerald Field Contracting (1991) 55 BLR 1. These five basic points are the following in order for a term to be implied: (1) it must be reasonable and equitable; (2) it must be necessary to give business efficacy to the contract, so no term will be implied if the contract is effective without it; (3) it must be so obvious that it goes without saying'; (4) it must be capable of clear expression; (5) it must not contradict any express term of the contract.'" (Atkinson, 1999; Gillhams, 2005). Asif Tufal (2005b) in the Contract Law Page entitled "Terms of the Contract" published in LawTeacher.Net makes a classification of implied terms as follows: 1.- Terms Implied by Custom: "The terms of a contract may have been negotiated against the background of the customs of a particular locality or trade. The parties automatically assume that their contract will be subject to such customs and so do not deal specifically with the matter in their contract. See: Hutton v Warren (1836) 1 M&W 466." (Tufal, 2005b). 2.- Terms Implied by the Court: These terms are classified into two types of implied terms: terms implied as fact and terms implied by law following the next criteria: A.- Intention of the Parties/Terms Implied as Fact. Tufal makes the following assertions about the two different tests that are applied to terms implied as fact: In relation to business efficacy, Tufal explains that "The courts will be prepared to imply a term into a contract in order to give effect to the obvious intentions of the partie (.) the court will supply a term in the interests of 'business efficacy' so that the contract makes commercial sense. See: The Moorcock (1889) 14 PD 64." (Tufal, 2005b). Regarding the "officious bystander", Tufal states that "A more recent test is the 'officious bystander test' used to incorporate implied obvious terms (Shirlaw v Southern Foundries [1940] AC

Hitler Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hitler - Essay Example f races (including the Jews), he ran away to Munich where he stayed until the outbreak of World War 1 where he voluntarily enrolled to become a soldier. He therefore joined World War 1 as a soldier with the Germany Army and fought in several wars. Other than receiving awards at the war (he was awarded two iron crosses which was a mark of bravery (Haugen 103)), he also received injuries including serious one on the thigh which led him to be admitted for two months and this was followed by the first bout of blindness as a result of a mustard gas (both bouts of blindness were temporary however). His heart hardened in the military and he gained confidence which was useful later on when he decided to join politics. His road to politics was built from the defeat of the Germany army in the way and also the exploitation of the detrimental economic, social and political conditions in that nation. Hitler is renowned for his excellent oratorical skills and it is this skill that enabled him to j oin politics and rise through the different leadership positions (Haugen 54). His good oratorical skills combined with his anti-Semitism nature and the quest for a strong government is what made him be discharged from the army and he started working for the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) gathering audiences and crowds to defer with and criticize the government and give speeches against the Jews and Marxist (which he both detested). It is his popularity and courage that led to him receiving financial backing from the rich citizens who were supporting him. He was known for his blackmail nature and he used this method to get what he wanted and even rise in positions in many occasions. One of these occasions was the rise to become the party chairman of National Socialist German... Hitler is renowned for his excellent oratorical skills and it is this skill that enabled him to join politics and rise through the different leadership positions (Haugen 54). His good oratorical skills combined with his anti-Semitism nature and the quest for a strong government is what made him be discharged from the army and he started working for the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) gathering audiences and crowds to defer with and criticize the government and give speeches against the Jews and Marxist (which he both detested). It is his popularity and courage that led to him receiving financial backing from the rich citizens who were supporting him. He was known for his blackmail nature and he used this method to get what he wanted and even rise in positions in many occasions. One of these occasions was the rise to become the party chairman of National Socialist German Workers Party replacing Dexter who was the very same person who introduced him to the party in the first place. His quest for power is what made him organize a coup (a fact that is not known to many people). Hitler served a prison term in Landsberg prison after attempting a coup (Beer Hall Putsch) to overthrow the German government but which failed. The prison term was supposed to be for five years but later he was released only after nine months (after the Supreme Court of Bavaria pardoned him) and he then decided to take over the government legally. It is while in prison that Hitler wrote a book about his struggles while in prison and they were published in a book called Mein Kampf.

Research Method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Research Method - Essay Example Bank of Muscat pays special consideration to the employee welfare and it undertakes a number of training programs in order to build employee skills and to increase competence within its workforce. And this has been the core reason for selecting Bank Muscat as the organization to be researched. As a part of the study the factors that affect the effectiveness of the internal environment of a business setting a number of options of study were available to be analyzed. Out of the variety of the topics which included Performance Appraisal, Leadership Effectiveness and Team Building, the Impact of training on Employee performance was chosen as the topic of the research. The dissertation proposed basically focuses on the extent to which training the employees pays off in the context of the Job satisfaction, Employee Efficiency, Customer Satisfaction and ultimately Organizational performance. The theme of the dissertation would be analyzed on the basis of a research conducted over the internal environment of Bank Muscat. The findings of the research would then be utilized to test the theories developed in the past and to modify them so as to improve their application to the current business scenarios. Moreover the research would serve the purpose of key decision making to managers and would help in improving the understanding of key Human Resource Management concepts. The basic purpose of undertaking the dissertation is to analyze the effect of training on employee’s performance and ultimately on the organization’s success. The outcome of the research will be used deduce the extent of training that is being provided to the employees at Bank Muscat and its degree of effectiveness as perceived by them. The dissertation will also be used to find out the significance of maintaining the internal environment for an organization. Since the dawn

Reasons Why Free Trade Has a Negative Impact on a Country's Economy Research Paper

Reasons Why Free Trade Has a Negative Impact on a Country's Economy - Research Paper Example Sadly, their effort to make the country open to goods from other countries and the desire to lower tariffs on items sold by America in the market of other nations backfired big time on the U.S. economy. Rather than raising the standards of international manufacture and creating a most conducive international business market, the cheap products that flooded the market were of inferior quality and did nothing to help ease the high tariffs that was pegged onto U.S. goods by the other nations in the free trade zone. In effect, by opening up America to goods from other nations, most of which are imitation items that pass themselves off as Class A goods, the political and economic leaders of the country themselves helped crash the American economy. There are a number of reasons as to why the citizens of America may wish to buy foreign made goods. It could be that there is a demand for the item which is not manufactured in America. Or maybe the item cost is much lower if they purchase one t hat is not American made. Whatever the reason, a market exists for Americans who prefer to buy foreign made goods. ... The reason that the American economy has managed to survive all the years prior to the advent of free trade was really quite simple. The money was spent within American shores and thus helped move the economy along through taxes collected and the salary of the people working in the field of manufacture. The demand for goods and services actually spurred the economy by creating jobs and balancing both the local and national government budgets. But the U.S. is currently experiencing a massive trade imbalance that has resulted in a lop sided economy and has forced America to compete in a massive free trade scale. The competition is heating up and it seems like the United States is not equipped to compete at such a level. The country fails to compete because Americans have lost sight of what is truly important in a global economy, the survival of one's own economy. Instead, American corporations have resorted to off shore manufacturing in an effort to compete in the free trade market. Sa dly, a U.S. brand not made in the United States is a totally different item or level of service when compared with a U.S. brand created and maintained within the borders of the United States. American workers are considered a liability in today's free-trade market because of the high cost of labor that they demand. It is because of these over pampered work force that factories and support systems have been moved to countries where people can manage to survive on a dollar a day. It is more appealing to the owners of companies to pay slave labor wages rather than give in to the exorbitant cost of manufacturing goods and creating support systems for their company within the United States. (Snyder, Michael â€Å"55 Reasons Why

Change Management and Information Technologies Coursework

Change Management and Information Technologies - Coursework Example Change management is of paramount concern within companies, especially in the modern day when changes occur so rapidly and with apparently increasing frequency. The effects on employees must be taken into account when considering these changes. It can be seen as a fulcrum around which many of the great advantages and yet also the challenges of IT revolve. Employees may be empowered to perform new tasks in a much easier manner, and yet may also become disillusioned as they feel they are even more simply a cog within a machine than they were before. While the minutia of instituting change within IT often revolves around practical problems such as software implementation and training of employees, it is just as important to consider the wider implications such as the effect upon the company culture and employee morale of the new technology. These are not peripheral concerns: they are central to the performance of employees and thus the overall success of the company. This analysis will consider how can a manager make sense of the numerous different models and the complexity of the changes that will occur with technological advancements. This has been a central role within business studies for a number of years. The manager needs to be able to consider ahead of time the likely consequences upon both the overall company and specifically upon employee performance before the IT change has occurred. In many ways the culture of the company is most important. A corporate culture can be defined in a number of ways. But in general it consists of a disparate number of forces at work within a company. These include everything from beliefs to systems to the company history to the overall attitude of employees. This might seem overly complex and amorphous for actual practical use, so various attempts have been made to systemize the analysis of corporate culture.One powerful method is through the cultural web. The cultural web is a means of investigating and revealing the culture of an organization. It represents how culture is expressed and how it manifests itself: A Cultural Web The central area of the Venn diagram that represents the cultural web is where the paradigm of change occurs. The manager must view this paradigm within the complexity of the web that has been produced by the various factors that go into the individual sectors:- such as "stories", "power", "symbols", and "routines/rituals". All of these are what make up the culture of a company, and, as can be seen from a cursory glance, they are all 'human' variables that will be held within the general culture of the company. Thus the manager needs to consider how the changes being considered will effect this culture and how, perhaps more importantly, the culture will influence them. This can be related to Baloqun's initial idea of considering the context-specific situation that occurs within a company. The change plan must be made to at least fit reasonably easily within the culture that already exists within the company rather than forcing a radical change within that culture. It is clear that sometimes a radical change in corporate culture is needed (Enron might have benefited from such a change before

Management Info Systems Class Discussion wk7 Essay

Management Info Systems Class Discussion wk7 - Essay Example The service-oriented application implements the endpoints of a fine-grained web service. It is easier to talk about the various types of web applications based on their use. For example, social networking websites entails; Face book, Xanga. Internet search engines may involve Google, hot mail, and yahoo. Web services facilitate the access to internet resources. Primary services of the internet include e-mail, tenets, and mailing lists (Bidgoli, 2002). Web 2.0 is the constant development of internet expertise and interface. It is a model that center of attention is towards transforming the web into a catalog through social networks and other online resources. Internet2 provides grounds for testing networking setting where learning institutions such as universities and government laboratories team up and build up highly developed Internet technologies such as digital libraries, and essential laboratories (Aharony, 2009). The Internet2 community at present is comprised of more than four million individuals and with more than three hundred member organizations. While the technology is growing, so is the need for better and advanced quicker Internet connections. The manner in which content is presented via the web has also changed drastically over the years. Capabilities to bold and produce wording in diverse colors on a web page ten years ago was something to admire but today database-driven websites, animations, online gaming and streaming, e-commerce and are standards. The primary function of all web applications is to ease the achievement of one or more tasks (Adar, Zhang, Adamic & Lukose, 2004). The two most useful internet services are the e-mail and the mailing lists. They create the grounds for Sharing of information, Research methodology and rare sources and documents, and Findings advice. Emails are useful in that they are cost efficient, increases speed of information transferability

Terminal Course Objectives Essay Example for Free

Terminal Course Objectives Essay Given an example of the need to increase productivity in a workplace unit, such as a department of a large corporation, analyze the impact of cultural diversity on team building in the workplace, and formulate strategies for facilitating cooperation among members of a culturally diverse work group. Key Concepts: Define bias, prejudice, discrimination, and ethnocentrism. Identify the impact of ethnocentrism on interpersonal relationships and communication. Develop strategies for expanding awareness and understanding of people from diverse cultures. Engage in the process of values clarification for self-assessment and learning to promote tolerance and acceptance. Evaluate strategies for effecting behavioral change to avoid stereotyping and cultural prejudice. Given a simulated situation where a qualified minority candidate is denied employment based on the hiring managers cultural prejudice and practice of discrimination, correctly assess the situation and recommend intervention strategies to correct the situation. Key Concepts: Define stereotyping, racial/cultural profiling, and marginalization. Discuss personal situations in which bias, prejudice, or discrimination warranted intervention. Identify the personal impact of individual, organizational, or societal inequalities. Plan personal and organizational strategies to overcome bias, prejudice, and discrimination. Identify strategies to promote acceptance of people from diverse cultural backgrounds. Examine potential sources and misinformation relating to stereotyping and racial profiling, including the media. Given a situation in which an urban neighborhood is experiencing conflict due to increasing cultural diversity of residents, integrate critical thinking and decision-making skills in preparing a personal plan for developing cultural competence. Key Concepts: Define cultural competence. Describe personal strategies and skills necessary for cultural competence. Discuss strategies and practices essential for cultural competence at the organizational level. Identify learning that is necessary for societal cultural competence. Discuss current research findings relative to cultural diversity. Assignments Reading Introduction to Understanding and Managing Diversity (p. xii – xvi) Section I. Understanding individual perspectives of diversity. Diversity Awareness Quiz (review exercise) Thriving in a Multicultural Classroom The Emotional Connection of Distinguishing Differences and Conflict Section II. Understanding primary aspects of diversity The Coca-Cola Company: Then and Now Optional: Section V. Managing diversity: Ethical, legal, communication, and marketing issues. Ethics and Diversity: Legal Applications in the Workplace Assignment—Lets Be Lefties for a Day! This assignment is designed to shift your viewpoint just a bit and hopefully help make clear what it is like to be different from the mainstream of society, as well as how the perception of normality is based on how closely you resemble the majority of people. There are two concepts at work. One is institutionalized discrimination, in which groups or categories of people are placed at some level of disadvantage by the normal way that society operates. The other is the fact that we can learn to appreciate that differences do matter and that becoming aware of those differences will make interactions with others much easier. Spend a morning living in a world that is designed for someone else. Heres how: Hold a ping-pong ball or a similar object in your right hand (left if you are a lefty) and then slip a sock over it and tie or tape it in place. Keep your fingers folded around the ball inside the sock and try to go about your normal activities. The two main things you want to avoid are letting the ball get out of your closed hand and getting the sock wet. Most of us are right-handed, and this should give you some sense of how much of our daily activities revolve around that fact. When you must use your left hand rather than your right, things seem to be a bit awkward, dont they? If you want a real example, try to use a wall-mounted pencil sharpener, open a bottle of wine with a corkscrew, or turn the pages of a book. Are lefties at a disadvantage? Go price a set of left-handed golf clubs. Naturally, left-handed people have adapted to the right-handed world to the extent that most are ambidextrous. Lefties, what did you get from this? Did your life become just a bit easier? Your assignment is to write a brief two- to three-page essay paper, double-spaced, on the importance of understanding cultural, ethnic, and gender differences by managers and professionals in a business setting. Connect your observations and ideas to the materials and readings covered so far in the class. Dont forget to include your experience with the ball and sock experiment in your paper, and be sure to relate the experiment to the importance of understanding diversity and applying this knowledge in the workplace. Please follow APA formatting requirements for this assignment, including a title page, and proofread to be sure that you have no spelling or grammatical errors. Submit your assignment to the Dropbox located on the silver tab at the top of this page. For instructions on how to use the Dropbox, read these step-by-step instructions or watch this Dropbox Tutorial. See the Syllabus section Due Dates for Assignments Exams for due date information. Course Project There will be a Course Project for this class. The final paper will not be due until Week 7; however, you will have additional graded deliverables during the course. Please visit the Course Project section under Course Home for complete details. Discussions Introduce yourself to your instructor and to the rest of the class (not graded, but required) You Eat What?! (graded) Some of My Best (graded) Lecture topics Why Understand Diversity? | Institutional Versus Ideological Understanding | Understanding Ourselves, Understanding Others | The Challenge | Ethnocentrism | Study Tools

Identifying An Organizational Structure In A Startup Business Essay

Identifying An Organizational Structure In A Startup Business Essay Organizational structure contains activities such as coordination, supervision and task allocation, which are directed towards all achievement aimed by an organization. It can also be considered as the viewing glass or perspective through which individuals see their environment and the organization. Most likely there are many organizations that have graded structures, but not all companies do follow the grading steps. Most organizations are with variants of gathered entities. Different organizations have different variants of gathered entities. An organization can be structured in different other ways. It all depends on their objectives. The structure of the organization would determine the modes in which it performs and operates. An organizational structure allows the expressed distribution of responsibilities for different processes and functions to various and different units such as the department, workgroup, branch, and individual. All organizational structure does affect any organizational actions in mainly two big ways. Firstly, an organizational structure provides foundation on which standard routines rest and operating procedures. Secondly, the organizational structure determines which individuals get to do which particular decision-making processes, and also to extent their views in shaping the organizations work actions. Types of Organizational Structure 1.2.1 Bureaucratic structure Bureaucratic structures have their certain grade of standardization. They are more suited for larger scale or more complex organizations. They usually have a very tall structure. Then strain between non-bureaucratic and bureaucratic structures is reverberated in Burns and Stalker distinction between organic and mechanistic structures. It is not the entire thing about bureaucratic structure. It is very much complex and useful for graded structured organization, mostly and mainly in tall organizations. The other way of understanding the characteristics of bureaucracy structure are a ranked structure, a clear defined responsibilities and roles, also a respect for merit. 1.2.2 Functional structure All employees within the functional divisions of an organization are often to perform a specified set of tasks, for example in the engineering department; there would be a specified group of engineers that would be staffed. For example, they could be staffed with software engineers. This could lead to a lack of communication between the functional groups within the organization. This would make the organization very inflexible and slow. A functional organization is best suited for producer of standardized services and goods at large volume at low cost. Specialization and coordination of tasks are normally centralized in the functional structure, which makes it to produce a limited amount of services or products expectable and efficient. Efficiencies can be realized as functional organizations integrate their activities vertically so that products those are distributed and sold quickly at low cost. A small business could start making the mechanisms it requires for production of their products instead of just procuring the product from an external organization. It is not only beneficial for an organization; it is also beneficial for the employeeà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s faiths 1.2.3 Divisional Structure This is also known as a product structure, the divisional or product structure divides every organizational function into different division. Each and division within the divisional structure consist of all the necessary functions resources and within it. Divisions are categorized in different points of view. One might make distinctions on a product basis /service basis or on geographical. Different products for different customers: households or companies. Another good example is an automobile company; they have different division such as a division for the four heel drive, a division for sedan car, a division for compact cars and more. Each division might have their own sales, marketing and engineering departments. 1.2.4 Matrix structure The matrix structure gathers employees by both product and function. This structure combines the best of both separate structures. A matrix organization normally uses groups of employees to complete any work, this is to make up for the weaknesses, as well as to take advantage of the strengths, of the decentralized and functional forms. For example a company produces two products, product A and product B. Product A would have different and various departments, product B would have the exact same structure and departments as the product A. Matrix structure is the purest of all the organizational structures, it is the most simple structure in emulating the companies demonstration. 1.3 Type of Company This company organizes parties. It is a party planner company. This company plans all sorts of parties in any celebration. For example the organization does organise parties for wedding, birthdays, and many other functions in schools, companies and more. This company provides catering service too. Cleaning service after any function or ceremony is provided if this company had managed the event. Event management is the application of project management to the development and creation of events, conferences, and festivals. Event management includes studying the details of the brand, identifying the objectives of the audience, planning the concept of the event, planning the logistics and organizing the technical features before actually trying to execute the modalities of the planned event. The events that this company does are; making games in a birthday party. For example, for a childà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s birthday party that is twelve years and below, we provide them with clowns, magicians, and simple events such as musical chairs for the kids. For birthday party of the adults, sixteenth birthday would be a great example, this company provides disk jockey (DJ) to have some music, this company provides the state of the art lighting service, and more. For parties that this company plans for a wedding is small games for the groom and the bridegroom. These games are chosen by our customers. The games that we provide are not only for the groom and bride groom but it is also for the people who attends the wedding ceremony. 1.4 Functional Structure The organizational structure that had been chosen for this company is the divisional structure. This is because this structure has the simplest form of organizing people into different departments to prepare the necessary needs in the organization. The main reason of choosing this structure is that we could divide groups of people into department. For example; a group of people will be on the in the lighting department, a group of people will be in the music department, a group of people will be in the cleaning department and many more. 1.4.1 Advantages: The advantage of having this structure is that the manager or the boss of this organization can easily see the process of network of the people working under them. It is easy to organize people in this structure in order to make things happen. It is also easy to control the employees or workers in this form. 1.4.2 Disadvantages: The disadvantages are that if the company does not have enough workers the organization has to find for new fresh workers. The managers cannot just move employees from department A into another department B. This is because department A would be lacking of workers to finish work on time. 1.5 Illustration of Functional Structure Foreman (arrangement) Foreman (cleaning department) Foreman (music) Foreman (lighting) Site Agent Material Buying Work Scheduling Office Project Manager Project Manager Project Manager Finance Director Personnel Director Site Operation Director Marketing Director Managing director 1.6 Conclusion This structure Is really the best for all event managing companies. This structure helps a lot in dividing groups in various kinds of departments and making it so easy for the managers to manage the progress very smoothly without any problem. The fear of facing the weakness of this company is sometimes very terrifying and it would not be as terrifying at times. The terrifying moment of weakness is when the company Is lack of workers at the last minute. that is really a bad news for this kind of organizational structure.